Holistic wild bee management in urban spaces

IF 2.4 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Julie A. Weissmann, Sandra Rader, Rasmus Ritz, Iris R. M. Walldorf, Juliane Probst, Kristin R. Szydlik, Hanno Schaefer
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Abstract

Projects promoting bees in urban areas are initiated in cities around the world but evidence-based conservation concepts at a city-wide scale are scarce. We developed a holistic approach for assessment of bee and flowering plant diversity in a medium-sized city. In addition to standard mapping approaches in bee hotspots, we initiated citizen science projects for participative urban bee research to be able to collect comprehensive bee data across the entire city. We identified 22 hotspots of bee diversity, analyzed connectivity between those hotspots and evaluated the impact of flower patches planted in collaboration with the municipal gardens department as stepping stones for oligolectic bee species throughout the city. Participation by urban citizens in bee identification trainings was high (c. 630 persons) but their subsequent contribution through observation reports was relatively low (1,165 records by 140 observers). However, we identified a total of 139 bee taxa, seven of them only discovered by citizen scientists. Total species richness was higher in extensively managed orchards than in semi-natural and wasteland areas. Half of the stepping stone flower patches were occupied by the target oligolectic bee species in the year of planting. After 3 years, all but two species could be confirmed. We suggest a 5-step concept for bee management in cities: (1) identification of bee hotspots combined with standardized surveys, especially of rare species; (2) training of citizen scientists at two different levels for comprehensive surveys in all parts of the city: (a) half-day introductions to wild bee diversity, ecology and conservation in order to create more awareness and (b) 2-weeks workshops for in-depth training of a small number of dedicated citizen scientists; (3) extensive management of existing habitats and special conservation programs for very rare species; (4) creation of high-value habitats which take into account the varied resource needs of bees within flight ranges of only a few hundred meters; (5) creation of stepping stone habitats as floral and nesting resources, integrating educative and participative aspects.
城市空间的野生蜜蜂综合管理
世界各地的城市都启动了在城市地区推广蜜蜂的项目,但在整个城市范围内以证据为基础的保护理念却很少见。我们开发了一种整体方法,用于评估一个中等城市的蜜蜂和开花植物多样性。除了蜜蜂热点地区的标准绘图方法外,我们还启动了公民科学项目,开展参与式城市蜜蜂研究,以便能够收集整个城市的蜜蜂综合数据。我们确定了 22 个蜜蜂多样性热点地区,分析了这些热点地区之间的连接性,并评估了与市政园林部门合作种植的花卉补丁作为整个城市中寡选蜜蜂物种的踏脚石所产生的影响。参加蜜蜂识别培训的城市居民人数较多(约 630 人),但他们随后通过观察报告提供的信息相对较少(140 名观察者提供了 1,165 条记录)。不过,我们共鉴定出 139 个蜜蜂类群,其中 7 个类群是市民科学家才发现的。在广泛管理的果园中,物种总丰富度高于半自然和荒地地区。在种植当年,有一半的台阶石花卉区被目标蜜蜂物种占据。3 年后,除两个物种外,其他所有物种均可确认。我们提出了城市蜜蜂管理的五步概念:(1)确定蜜蜂热点地区,并结合标准化调查,特别是稀有物种;(2)培训两个不同层次的公民科学家,以便在城市所有地区进行全面调查:(a) 为期半天的关于野生蜜蜂多样性、生态学和保护的介绍,以提高人们的认识;(b) 为期两周的讲习班,对少数热心的公民科学家进行深入培训;(3) 对现有栖息地进行广泛管理,对非常稀有的物种实施特别保护计划;(4) 建立高价值栖息地,考虑到蜜蜂在几百米的飞行范围内对各种资源的需求;(5) 建立阶梯式栖息地,作为花卉和巢穴资源,将教育和参与方面结合起来。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
176
审稿时长
13 weeks
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