Chemical Characteristics of Waru Leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) As Food Packaging Material

Angela Firdausa Alif Iskandar, Umar Santoso, Supriyadi Supriyadi
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Abstract

Waru leaf (Hibiscus tilaceus) is commonly used as a traditional food packaging material in Indonesia. Waru leaf is known to contain bioactive components with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This research aimed to determine the chemical properties of waru leaf of various maturity levels and provide information on the potency of leaf extract that can be used as active packaging additive. The chemical properties include fatty acids, volatile compounds, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content. It was discovered that both the young and mature waru leaf contained 4 types of fatty acids: predominantly linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In the young waru leaf, the primary volatile compounds were acids, with cis-vaccenic acid (21%) and glycidyl palmitate comprising (16.8%). As for the mature leaf, the main volatile compounds were acids and esters, with glycidyl oleate at (18.52%), glycidyl palmitate (12.28%), and Decocanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- (7.85%). The crude methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol to analyze bioactive compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was found in ethyl acetate fraction with an average of %Radical Scavenging Activity (%RSA) of 36.25% on the young waru leaf and 29.92% on the mature waru leaf. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic content of 164.66 mg GAE/g and 146.50 mg GAE/g for young and mature waru leaves, respectively. The result shows that waru leaf extract is a potential ingredient for developing active packaging.
作为食品包装材料的瓦卢叶(木槿)的化学特性
瓦鲁叶(Hibiscus tilaceus)是印度尼西亚常用的传统食品包装材料。众所周知,瓦鲁叶含有具有抗氧化和抗菌活性的生物活性成分。这项研究旨在确定不同成熟度的疣叶的化学特性,并提供可用作活性包装添加剂的疣叶提取物的功效信息。化学特性包括脂肪酸、挥发性化合物、抗氧化活性和总酚含量。研究发现,幼嫩和成熟的疣叶都含有 4 种脂肪酸:主要是亚油酸和亚麻酸。嫩疣叶中的主要挥发性化合物是酸,其中顺式长春花酸(21%)和缩水甘油棕榈酸酯(16.8%)。成熟叶片的主要挥发性化合物是酸和酯,其中油酸缩水甘油酯占(18.52%),棕榈酸缩水甘油酯占(12.28%),3-羟基癸酸占(7.85%)。用正己烷、乙酸乙酯和丁醇对甲醇粗提取物进行分馏,以分析生物活性化合物。乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性最高,在嫩疣叶和成熟疣叶上的平均自由基清除率(%RSA)分别为 36.25% 和 29.92%。乙酸乙酯馏分的总酚含量最高,分别为 164.66 毫克 GAE/g 和 146.50 毫克 GAE/g。结果表明,疣叶提取物是开发活性包装的潜在成分。
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