New Data on the Expression of the Early Eocene Hyperthermals in Northern Bulgaria: Riben Section Revisited

K. Stoykova, E. Koleva-Rekalova, Torsten Vennemann, M. Ivanov
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Abstract

We present new lithologic, nannofossil biostratigraphic and benthic carbon and oxygen isotope records for a marly-rich, 11 m thick Paleocene-Eocene section, now exposed at an old quarry at Riben Village, northern Bulgaria. The occurrence of NP9, NP10 and NP11 nannofossil zones is evidenced by detailed high-resolution nannofossil biostratigraphy. The carbon dissolution interval is marked by the abrupt drop of CaCO3 content and deposition of a clay interval at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Stable isotope analyses of δ13C and δ18O were performed on benthic-foraminiferal tests. An unusual two-fold carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in the PETM interval is documented (total negative shift of 2.89‰). Moreover, three paired negative excursions: two in the Paleocene within the PETM interval, upper NP9 zone, and one within the early Eocene, NP11 zone are identified. The most prominent negative carbon isotope excursion (4.90‰ negative shift) is related with ETM3 (or “X” event), 52.84 Ma ago. Integration of nannofossil biostratigraphy, benthic stable isotope data sets and lithology unravel two separate early Eocene hyperthermal events: the PETM (= ETM1) and the ETM3 (= “X” event), recorded at Riben section.
关于保加利亚北部早始新世超热岩表现的新数据:重新审视里本段
我们展示了一个富含泥灰质、厚 11 米的古新世-始新世断面的新岩性、化石生物地层学以及底栖生物碳和氧同位素记录,该断面目前暴露于保加利亚北部里本村的一个旧采石场。详细的高分辨率纳化石生物地层图证明了 NP9、NP10 和 NP11 纳化石区的存在。在古新世-始新世热极盛期(PETM)开始时,碳溶解区间的标志是 CaCO3 含量的突然下降和粘土区间的沉积。对底栖有孔虫试验进行了 δ13C 和 δ18O 的稳定同位素分析。结果表明,在 PETM 区间出现了不寻常的两倍碳同位素偏移(CIE)(总负偏移量为 2.89‰)。此外,还发现了三处成对的负偏移:两处位于古新世 PETM 区间的上 NP9 区,一处位于早始新世的 NP11 区。最显著的碳同位素负偏移(4.90‰负偏移)与距今 52.84 Ma 的 ETM3(或 "X "事件)有关。 通过整合纳化石生物地层学、底栖稳定同位素数据集和岩性学,揭示了两个独立的始新世早期高热事件:PETM(= ETM1)和 ETM3(="X "事件),记录在里本断面。
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