Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Assessment of Groundwater Quality around Dumpsites in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria

A. F. Tijjani, B. Alhassan, U. Salisu, A. M. Hassan
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Abstract

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water and the protection of groundwater is a major environmental issue as the importance of water quality to human health. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the groundwater quality around dumpsites in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria using standard analytical techniques and multivariate statistical analysis methods such as correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).  The mean concentration of the parameters in ground water samples ranged from pH 7.55 to 9.06, temperature 32.55 to 34.25 oC, conductivity 54.80 to 65.38 μS/cm, salinity 0.20 to 0.29 mg/L, TSS 0.36 to 1.93 mg/L, TDS 57.53 to 59.95 mg/L, HCO3 26.80 to 31.00 mg/L, PO43- 1.05 to 2.06 mg/L, SO42- 2.25 to 3.26 mg/L, NO3- 1.40 to 4.50 mg/L, NO2- 0.01 to 0.03 mg/L, and Cl- 2.14 to 8.31 mg/L. The result shows that the investigated parameters were below the WHO, permissible limit, except PO43-. The concentration of the parameters were in following trend; TDS > conductivity > temperature > HCO3> pH > NO3> SO4>Cl> PO4> TSS > salinity > NO2. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main sources of water quality parameters might be related to dumpsites around the study area. According to the HCA, and PCA, the parameters were divided into three groups; the first group correlated with Salinity, TSS, SO4, NO3 and NO2; the second group correlated with TDS and HCO3, and the third with pH, temperature, and conductivity. The hydrochemistry of groundwater from the area reveals that the water could be applied to irrigation.
尼日利亚包奇州包奇市垃圾场周围地下水质量评估的多元统计分析
地下水是重要的饮用水源,由于水质对人类健康的重要性,保护地下水是一个重要的环境问题。因此,本研究的目的是采用标准分析技术和多元统计分析方法,如相关分析 (CA)、主成分分析 (PCA) 和层次聚类分析 (HCA),评估尼日利亚包奇州包奇市垃圾场周围的地下水质量。 地下水样本中各参数的平均浓度范围为:pH 值 7.55 至 9.06,温度 32.55 至 34.25 oC,电导率 54.80 至 65.38 μS/cm,盐度 0.20 至 0.29 mg/L,总悬浮固体 0.36 至 1.93 毫克/升,TDS 57.53 至 59.95 毫克/升,HCO3 26.80 至 31.00 毫克/升,PO43- 1.05 至 2.06 毫克/升,SO42- 2.25 至 3.26 毫克/升,NO3- 1.40 至 4.50 毫克/升,NO2- 0.01 至 0.03 毫克/升,Cl- 2.14 至 8.31 毫克/升。结果表明,除 PO43- 外,其他调查参数均低于世界卫生组织的允许限值。各参数的浓度变化趋势如下:TDS > 电导率 > 温度 > HCO3> pH > NO3> SO4>Cl> PO4> TSS > 盐度 > NO2。多变量分析表明,水质参数的主要来源可能与研究区域周围的垃圾场有关。根据 HCA 和 PCA,参数被分为三组,第一组与盐度、TSS、SO4、NO3 和 NO2 相关,第二组与 TDS 和 HCO3 相关,第三组与 pH、温度和电导率相关。该地区地下水的水化学特征表明,这些水可用于灌溉。
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