Central composite design for optimization of kenaf-reinforced epoxy composite bonding performance

IF 1.3 4区农林科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, PAPER & WOOD

Bioresources Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI:10.15376/biores.19.1.605-619

M. Ibrahim, Noremylia Mohd Bakhori, Ariff Farhan Mohd Nor, Roslina Mohammad, Sa’ardin Abd Aziz, Mohd Yusof Md Daud, H. Kuan, M. Mahardika, M. Z. Hassan

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Abstract

Kenaf fiber is gaining prominence because of its ability as a natural-based reinforced material in advanced composites. However, kenaf contains a hygroscopic natural waxy substance that covers the fiber layer, providing a low surface tension and preventing strong bonding with the polymer matrix. The goal of this study is to optimize the blending parameters of kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites by alkali treatment concentration, length, and fiber-matrix loading using central composite design. The maximum tensile strength was obtained at 6.03 wt% of NaOH concentration, fiber loading of 26.02 wt%, and fiber length at 7.39 mm, which showed a strong correlation between experimental and predicted values. The analysis of variance function model indicated that fiber length, sodium hydroxide concentration, and fiber loading all play important roles in mechanical properties of composites. Based on the fracture surface observations, kenaf fiber composite strength was closely related to bonding at fiber-matrix interfaces. The most common failure modes in the samples were voids, matrix fracture, fiber breakage, weak bonding, and fiber pull-out.

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用于优化 kenaf 增强环氧树脂复合材料粘接性能的中心复合设计

槿麻纤维作为先进复合材料中的天然增强材料，其地位日益突出。然而，槿麻含有一种吸湿性天然蜡质，覆盖在纤维层上，表面张力低，无法与聚合物基体牢固粘合。本研究的目的是利用中心复合设计，通过碱处理浓度、长度和纤维-基体负载，优化剑麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的混合参数。在 NaOH 浓度为 6.03 wt%、纤维负载量为 26.02 wt%、纤维长度为 7.39 mm 时，拉伸强度最大，实验值与预测值之间具有很强的相关性。方差函数分析模型表明，纤维长度、氢氧化钠浓度和纤维负载量对复合材料的力学性能都有重要影响。根据断裂面观察，槿麻纤维复合材料的强度与纤维-基体界面的粘结密切相关。样品中最常见的破坏模式是空洞、基体断裂、纤维断裂、弱粘合和纤维拉出。

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来源期刊

Bioresources 工程技术-材料科学：纸与木材

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

13.30%

发文量

397

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of BioResources is to promote scientific discourse and to foster scientific developments related to sustainable manufacture involving lignocellulosic or woody biomass resources, including wood and agricultural residues. BioResources will focus on advances in science and technology. Emphasis will be placed on bioproducts, bioenergy, papermaking technology, wood products, new manufacturing materials, composite structures, and chemicals derived from lignocellulosic biomass.