Dual Extraction Methods for Nitrofuran Antibiotics Residues; Furaltadone, Furazolidone, and Nitrofurazone from Biotransformation Assay

Abstract

This study aims to extract nitrofuran antibiotics residues, furaltadone, furazolidone, nitrofurazone from biotransformation assays by local Aspergillus tamarii KX610719.1. Nitrofuran antibiotics were quantified by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) were employed to extract nitrofurans residue for the optimal purification and cleaned up procedures. In this study, a good linearity with the coefficient of determination R² value of 0.9951 – 0.9972 mg/L with the concentration range of 1 to 50 mg/L nitrofuran antibiotics was achieved. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for triplicate nitrofurans assay were less than 10.0 %. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) of furazolidone, furaltadone and nitrofurazone were found to be in the range of 2.37 – 10.56 mg/L and 7.17 – 31.99 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the recovery of the nitrofuran antibiotics investigated in biotransformation assays ranged from 70.0 % - 88.0 %. The developed technique was effectively employed to determine nitrofurans residue in biotransformation assays and demonstrated remarkable clean-up capacity.