THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN IMMUNOMODULATION AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

The investigation into autoimmune conditions, particularly the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune response, has emerged as a critical domain of scholarly scrutiny. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of prevailing views on the role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and the development of autoimmune diseases. We begin this study by explaining the basic interactions of gut microorganisms and their relationship with the immune system. We then discuss dysbacteriosis and its implications for immune dysfunction, thus understanding the initiation of autoimmune reactions. Next, we delve into a section examining and reviewing clinical research findings identifying associations between differences in gut microbial compositions and various autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes. In conclusion, this review addresses the methodological challenges that currently impede progress in this field and suggests approaches and plans for future research that may advance our understanding of the critical role played by the gut microbiota in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The article emphasizes the need to combine strategies to improve patient prognosis in cases of autoimmune diseases.