Unifying the Puzzle: Cardiac Amyloidosis in the Spectrum of Generalized Edematous Syndromes

Abstract

Introduction: Addressing the diagnostic challenges posed by nephrotic syndrome and congestive heart failure, this article underscores the pivotal role of comprehensive investigations in unraveling underlying etiologies. Amid the diverse spectrum of potential causes, the focus is directed towards amyloidosis—a distinct category characterized by abnormal amyloid fibril accumulation in organs. Despite its infrequency, the gravity and potential for targeted interventions accentuate the importance of considering amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis. Case Presentation: A detailed case study of a 68-year-old female with generalized edematous syndrome revealed a complex clinical scenario involving cardiac and renal manifestations. AL amyloidosis was confirmed through thorough diagnostic assessments, guiding a targeted therapeutic approach. Discussion: The discussion delves into the pathophysiology of AL amyloidosis, diagnostic considerations, and the significance of ECG and echocardiographic findings. It highlights the importance of laboratory assessments, especially immunologic tests, and emphasizes the role of biopsy in confirming the diagnosis. Conclusion: The complexity of AL amyloidosis is underscored, emphasizing the interplay of cardiac, renal, and hematologic aspects. Early diagnosis and a tailored multidisciplinary therapeutic approach yielded positive outcomes, contributing valuable insights to the evolving understanding of amyloidosis management.