Progress of Exosome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

An exosome is a type of tiny vesicle characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane structure, with a diameter ranging from 30 to 100nm. Exosomes can be secreted by nearly all cells, containing cell-specific proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other components. They play a crucial role in transmitting signal molecules to target cells, thereby influencing their biological functions. The investigation of exosomes’ role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has garnered significant attention. As exosome content accurately reflects the characteristics of their cell of origin, enabling the differentiation between normal and diseased tissues, and considering their widespread presence in the human body and ease of accessibility, exosomes hold promise as potential biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential biological effects of exosomal miRNAs in the development of HCC and explores the associated roles of exosomes in this context.