Roles and regulation of tRNA-derived small RNAs in animals

IF 81.3 1区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI:10.1038/s41580-023-00690-z

Sowndarya Muthukumar, Cai-Tao Li, Ru-Juan Liu, Cristian Bellodi

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Abstract

A growing class of small RNAs, known as tRNA-derived RNAs (tdRs), tRNA-derived small RNAs or tRNA-derived fragments, have long been considered mere intermediates of tRNA degradation. These small RNAs have recently been implicated in an evolutionarily conserved repertoire of biological processes. In this Review, we discuss the biogenesis and molecular functions of tdRs in mammals, including tdR-mediated gene regulation in cell metabolism, immune responses, transgenerational inheritance, development and cancer. We also discuss the accumulation of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs as a distinct adaptive cellular response to pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we highlight new conceptual advances linking RNA modifications with tdR activities and discuss challenges in studying tdR biology in health and disease. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tdRs) have long been considered mere intermediates of tRNA degradation. This Review discusses the biogenesis and regulation of tdRs and focuses on their emerging gene regulation roles in cell metabolism, immune responses, development and cancer.

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tRNA 衍生的小 RNA 在动物体内的作用和调控

被称为 tRNA 衍生 RNA（tdRs）、tRNA 衍生小 RNA 或 tRNA 衍生片段的小 RNA 种类越来越多，长期以来一直被认为只是 tRNA 降解的中间产物。最近，这些小 RNA 与一系列进化保守的生物过程有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了哺乳动物中tdRs的生物发生和分子功能，包括细胞代谢、免疫反应、转代遗传、发育和癌症中tdR介导的基因调控。我们还讨论了 tRNA 衍生的应激诱导 RNA 的积累，这是细胞对病理生理条件的一种独特的适应性反应。此外，我们还重点介绍了将 RNA 修饰与 tdR 活动联系起来的新概念进展，并讨论了研究健康和疾病中的 tdR 生物学所面临的挑战。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 生物-细胞生物学

CiteScore

173.60

自引率

0.50%

发文量

118

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology is a prestigious journal that aims to be the primary source of reviews and commentaries for the scientific communities it serves. The journal strives to publish articles that are authoritative, accessible, and enriched with easily understandable figures, tables, and other display items. The goal is to provide an unparalleled service to authors, referees, and readers, and the journal works diligently to maximize the usefulness and impact of each article. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology publishes a variety of article types, including Reviews, Perspectives, Comments, and Research Highlights, all of which are relevant to molecular and cell biologists. The journal's broad scope ensures that the articles it publishes reach the widest possible audience.