Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Yijie Cao, Yonggang Ma, Anming Bao, Cun Chang, Tie Liu
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Abstract

The Ili River Delta (IRD) is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia. In this study, we selected the IRD as a typical research area, and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020, and investigated the main driving factors (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, land use/land cover change, and inflow from the Ili River) of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression, piecewise linear regression, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses. The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020, the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution pattern was “high in the east and low in the west”; overall, the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly. The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced, although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River. At the same time, the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas, the improvement of vegetation growth, and the increase of regional evapotranspiration, thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation. The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns; the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta. The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash, promoted vegetation restoration, and had a positive effect on the water conservation; however, this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration. These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD.

基于 InVEST 模型的中亚伊犁河三角洲节水功能评估
伊犁河三角洲(IRD)是巴尔喀什湖的生态安全屏障,也是中亚重要的水源保护区。本研究选取伊犁河三角洲作为典型研究区域,利用生态系统服务和权衡综合估值(InVEST)模型的产水量模块模拟了 1975 年至 2020 年的产水量和节水量。通过线性回归、片断线性回归和皮尔逊相关系数分析,进一步分析了1975-2020年伊犁河谷产水量和节水量的时空变化,并研究了节水量变化的主要驱动因素(降水、潜在蒸散量、土地利用/土地覆盖变化和伊犁河流入量)。结果表明,从 1975 年到 2020 年,伊犁河谷地区的产水量和节水量均呈下降趋势,空间分布格局为 "东高西低";总体上,各土地利用类型的节水量均略有下降。草地的节水量减少最多,但由于伊犁河流入量的增加,草地面积有所增加。同时,流入量的增加导致湿地面积扩大、植被生长改善和区域蒸散量增加,从而导致总体节水量减少。节水深度与降水量的空间分布规律相似,气候因子的变化是三角洲节水功能下降的主要原因。IRD上游的水库调节了流入巴尔喀什湖的径流,促进了植被恢复,对节水有积极作用,但这种积极作用无法抵消蒸散作用增强的负面影响。这些结果为合理分配水资源和保护红河发展区的生态系统提供了参考。
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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
768
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Land is an international peer-reviewed journal co-sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press. It aims to meet the needs of researchers, students and practitioners in sustainable development and eco-environmental management, focusing on the arid and semi-arid lands in Central Asia and the world at large. The Journal covers such topics as the dynamics of natural resources (including water, soil and land, organism and climate), the security and sustainable development of natural resources, and the environment and the ecology in arid and semi-arid lands, especially in Central Asia. Coverage also includes interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, and the relationship between these natural processes and human activities. Also discussed are patterns of geography, ecology and environment; ecological improvement and environmental protection; and regional responses and feedback mechanisms to global change. The Journal of Arid Land also presents reviews, brief communications, trends and book reviews of work on these topics.
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