Community Pharmacy-Based Blood Pressure Screening in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada for World Hypertension Day 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background

High blood pressure (BP) is a leading cause of cardiovascular and stroke-related events. Office-based BP measurement has declined in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have resulted in higher rates of undetected and uncontrolled hypertension. To gain a better idea of adult BP levels in Newfoundland and Labrador, we engaged community pharmacists in BP screening on World Hypertension Day.

Methods

Data collection and BP screening occurred on May 17, 2022. Pharmacists and pharmacy students collected 3 seated BP readings from participants, using an automated device. The average of readings 2 and 3 was used to estimate BP, with elevated BP defined as ≥ 140/90 mm Hg, or ≥ 130/80 mm Hg for individuals with diabetes. Data on participant demographics, access to primary care, medical history, and antihypertensive use were also collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniques.

Results

A total of 460 participants were included in the analysis. The mean age was 56.3 years (standard deviation: 16.95); 63.3% (n = 291) were female; and 43.7% (n = 201) reported having hypertension. Elevated BP was identified in 27% (n = 123). Of those with elevated BP, 41.5% (n = 51) had no history of diagnosed hypertension. Age, sex, and diabetes were statistically significant predictors of elevated BP in the multivariable model.

Conclusions

A large proportion of participants in our study had elevated BP. Targeted measures are needed to improve the detection, treatment, and control of high BP in Newfoundland and Labrador. Community pharmacists can support BP care.