Compassion in three perspectives: Associations with depression and suicidal ideation in a clinical adolescent sample.

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for mental development where the consequences of psychopathologies can be exceedingly harmful, and compassion has been identified as a protective factor for adolescents' mental well-being.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore three perspectives of compassion - Self-compassion, Compassion for others, and Compassion from others - and their relationship with depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Method: This Swedish cross-sectional study included 259 psychiatric patients (ages 16-22). Participants completed a survey including the self-assessment scales "Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition" (RADS-2), "Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire - Junior Version" (SIQ-JR), and "Compassion Engagement and Action Scale - Youth" (CEAS-Y). Linear regression analyses were used to determine whether participants' levels of compassion predicted depression and suicidal ideation.

Results: Self-compassion and Compassion from others significantly predicted both depression and suicidal ideation. Girls, on average, reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and lower levels of self-compassion compared to boys. The correlation between compassion and depressive symptoms, however, appeared to be stronger in boys. There was also a positive correlation between Compassion for others and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions: The results suggest that Self-compassion and Compassion from others may have a significant protective effect against depression and suicidal ideation, especially in boys. However, due to the relatively small sample of boys (n = 40), further research is needed before any solid conclusion can be drawn regarding possible gender differences. Additionally, the combination of low Self-compassion and higher levels of Compassion for others may be associated with suicidal ideation.