{"title":"Effect of the combination of geogrid and rubber granules on the performance of ballast under impact loads","authors":"Chang Li, Rui Gao, Qihang Hu, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10035-023-01384-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impact loads can exacerbate the deterioration and deformation of railway ballast, leading to changes in the mechanical properties of the track bed. Geogrid and rubber granules (RG) have been widely used in research to enhance the performance of ballast, however, the effects and mechanisms of these two materials working together are not yet clear. Therefore, in this study, a series of drop hammer impact tests were carried out on ballast aggregates with geogrids and RG. The tests were set up with different geogrid placement locations and RG contents on rigid and flexible subgrades. During the tests, the deformation, impact force and impact time of specimens were measured and recorded, the ballast specimens were sieved after the tests to investigate the breakage of the ballast, and the mechanical properties of the ballast specimens were analyzed after the impact using stiffness and damping ratio. It was found that the deformation and breakage of ballast specimens were significantly reduced by the combination of geogrid and RG, which was better than the geogrid or RG alone, and that the RG improved the damping ratio of ballast, while the geogrid reduced the reduction of stiffness of ballast caused by the addition of RG. Comparing and analyzing the results of each group of tests, the study confirmed that RG with 10% by volume and geogrid placed at 100 mm from the subgrade were the best combination to enhance the ballast performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":582,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Granular Matter","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10035-023-01384-1","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Impact loads can exacerbate the deterioration and deformation of railway ballast, leading to changes in the mechanical properties of the track bed. Geogrid and rubber granules (RG) have been widely used in research to enhance the performance of ballast, however, the effects and mechanisms of these two materials working together are not yet clear. Therefore, in this study, a series of drop hammer impact tests were carried out on ballast aggregates with geogrids and RG. The tests were set up with different geogrid placement locations and RG contents on rigid and flexible subgrades. During the tests, the deformation, impact force and impact time of specimens were measured and recorded, the ballast specimens were sieved after the tests to investigate the breakage of the ballast, and the mechanical properties of the ballast specimens were analyzed after the impact using stiffness and damping ratio. It was found that the deformation and breakage of ballast specimens were significantly reduced by the combination of geogrid and RG, which was better than the geogrid or RG alone, and that the RG improved the damping ratio of ballast, while the geogrid reduced the reduction of stiffness of ballast caused by the addition of RG. Comparing and analyzing the results of each group of tests, the study confirmed that RG with 10% by volume and geogrid placed at 100 mm from the subgrade were the best combination to enhance the ballast performance.
期刊介绍：
Although many phenomena observed in granular materials are still not yet fully understood, important contributions have been made to further our understanding using modern tools from statistical mechanics, micro-mechanics, and computational science.
These modern tools apply to disordered systems, phase transitions, instabilities or intermittent behavior and the performance of discrete particle simulations.
>> Until now, however, many of these results were only to be found scattered throughout the literature. Physicists are often unaware of the theories and results published by engineers or other fields - and vice versa.
The journal Granular Matter thus serves as an interdisciplinary platform of communication among researchers of various disciplines who are involved in the basic research on granular media. It helps to establish a common language and gather articles under one single roof that up to now have been spread over many journals in a variety of fields. Notwithstanding, highly applied or technical work is beyond the scope of this journal.
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