Bellows and furnace covers in the unalloyed copper metallurgy of the Chalcolithic Southern Levant: reassessing the evidence from Abu Matar

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.1111/arcm.12931

Thomas Rose, Stefano Natali, Andrea Brotzu, Peter Fabian, Yuval Goren

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Unalloyed copper objects were produced in the Chalcolithic Southern Levant in a two-step process. Copper ore was smelted in pit furnaces, and the mechanically extracted copper prills melt in crucibles and cast into objects. However, the air supply remained unknown, and practical considerations shed doubt on the validity of some of the reconstructed practices. To refine the reconstruction, the metallurgical material from Abu Matar was reassessed. Most importantly, several previously unreported fragments suggest the use of bellows and covering the furnace with large pottery fragments. Our results provide probably the earliest evidence for the use of bellows.

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旧石器时代南黎凡特非合金铜冶金中的风箱和炉盖：重新评估阿布-马塔尔的证据

在旧石器时代的南黎凡特，非合金铜器的制作分为两个步骤。铜矿石在坑式熔炉中冶炼，机械提取的铜柱在坩埚中熔化，然后铸成器物。然而，空气供应仍然是个未知数，而且出于实际考虑，人们对某些重建做法的有效性产生了怀疑。为了完善重建工作，我们对阿布-马塔尔出土的冶金材料进行了重新评估。最重要的是，几块以前未报道过的碎片表明使用了风箱，并用大块陶器碎片覆盖了熔炉。我们的研究结果可能是使用风箱的最早证据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archaeometry 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

12.50%

发文量

105

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Archaeometry is an international research journal covering the application of the physical and biological sciences to archaeology, anthropology and art history. Topics covered include dating methods, artifact studies, mathematical methods, remote sensing techniques, conservation science, environmental reconstruction, biological anthropology and archaeological theory. Papers are expected to have a clear archaeological, anthropological or art historical context, be of the highest scientific standards, and to present data of international relevance. The journal is published on behalf of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, in association with Gesellschaft für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, ARCHAEOMETRIE, the Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS), and Associazione Italian di Archeometria.