Nanotechnology-mediated photodynamic therapy: Focus on overcoming tumor hypoxia

Kave Moloudi, Heidi Abrahamse, Blassan P. George
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Abstract

The oxygen level in the tumor is a critical marker that determines response to different treatments. Cancerous cells can adapt to hypoxia and low pH conditions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to regulate tumor metabolism, proliferation, and promote tumor metastasis as well as angiogenesis, consequently leading to treatment failure and recurrence. In recent years, widespread attempts have been made to overcome tumor hypoxia through different methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), hyperthermia, O2 carriers, artificial hemoglobin, oxygen generator hydrogels, and peroxide materials. While oxygen is found to be an essential agent to improve the treatment response of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and other cancer treatment modalities, the development of hypoxia within the tumor is highly associated with PDT failure. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has been a hot topic for researchers and exploited to overcome hypoxia through Oxygen-generating hydrogels, O2 nanocarriers, and O2-generating nanoparticles. This review aimed to discuss the role of nanotechnology in tumor oxygenation and highlight the challenges, prospective, and recent advances in this area to improve PDT outcomes.

Abstract Image

纳米技术介导的光动力疗法:关注克服肿瘤缺氧
肿瘤中的氧含量是决定对不同治疗反应的重要标志。癌细胞可适应肿瘤微环境(TME)中的缺氧和低pH值条件,调节肿瘤代谢和增殖,促进肿瘤转移和血管生成,从而导致治疗失败和复发。近年来,人们广泛尝试通过高压氧疗法(HBOT)、热疗、氧气载体、人工血红蛋白、制氧水凝胶和过氧化物材料等不同方法来克服肿瘤缺氧。虽然氧气被认为是改善光动力疗法(PDT)和其他癌症治疗方法的治疗反应的重要物质,但肿瘤内缺氧与光动力疗法失败有很大关系。最近,纳米粒子的使用成为研究人员的热门话题,并通过氧气生成水凝胶、氧气纳米载体和氧气生成纳米粒子来克服缺氧。本综述旨在讨论纳米技术在肿瘤供氧中的作用,并重点介绍该领域的挑战、前景和最新进展,以改善局部放疗的效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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