{"title":"Skeleton and Musculature of the Male Genitalia in Psilidae (Diptera) and Their Implications for the Phylogeny","authors":"A. I. Shatalkin, O. G. Ovtshinnikova","doi":"10.1134/s0013873823040012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We have previously studied the musculature of the male genitalia in one species of Psilidae—<i>Chyliza vittata</i> Meigen, 1826. Here, we describe for the first time the male genital muscles of <i>Imantimyia nigrifrons</i> (Macquart, 1835), <i>Loxocera aristata</i> (Panzer, 1801), <i>Chamaepsila humeralis</i> (Zetterstedt, 1847), <i>Psilosoma audouini</i> (Zetterstedt, 1835), and <i>Psila nigripalpis</i> Shatalkin, 1983. It is shown that Psilidae are characterized by secondary symmetry of the pregenital and genital sclerites and muscles, and by reduction of the syntergosternite VII + VIII, which is correlated with reduction of the ejaculatory apodeme (apomorphy); the muscles <i>M25</i> are also absent. The family shows compaction of the pregenital and genital skeleton and muscles realized in different ways. Clades [[[<i>Chyliza</i>] + [[<i>Imantimyia</i> + <i>Loxocera</i>] + [<i>Chamaepsila</i> + [<i>Psilosoma</i> + <i>Psila</i>]]] are supported by several synapomorphies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11729,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Entomological Review","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0013873823040012","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We have previously studied the musculature of the male genitalia in one species of Psilidae—Chyliza vittata Meigen, 1826. Here, we describe for the first time the male genital muscles of Imantimyia nigrifrons (Macquart, 1835), Loxocera aristata (Panzer, 1801), Chamaepsila humeralis (Zetterstedt, 1847), Psilosoma audouini (Zetterstedt, 1835), and Psila nigripalpis Shatalkin, 1983. It is shown that Psilidae are characterized by secondary symmetry of the pregenital and genital sclerites and muscles, and by reduction of the syntergosternite VII + VIII, which is correlated with reduction of the ejaculatory apodeme (apomorphy); the muscles M25 are also absent. The family shows compaction of the pregenital and genital skeleton and muscles realized in different ways. Clades [[[Chyliza] + [[Imantimyia + Loxocera] + [Chamaepsila + [Psilosoma + Psila]]] are supported by several synapomorphies.
期刊介绍：
Entomological Review publishes papers dealing with all aspects of theoretical and applied entomology; and covers systematics, faunistics, zoogeography, evolution, ecology, morphology, physiology of insects, spiders and mites; as well as biological and chemical control of pests. It is one of the few entomological journals with a broad coverage.
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