Epidemic forecast and preparedness for explosive-cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in Nigeria using the preventive vaccination strategy.

IF 1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine Pub Date : 2023-11-17 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2086

Iseimokumo C Peletiri, Rosemary C Nwachukwu, Diweni C Peletiri, Esther Q Onoja, Charity T Tulagha, Ikaprite I Igbalibo, Grace M Ayanbimpe, Eugene I Ikeh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Within the African meningitis belt, yearly outbreaks of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM), with incidence rates of 10-100 cases per 100 000 population, are typically punctuated by explosive epidemics occurring every 8-12 years, with incidence rates that can exceed 1000 cases per 100 000 population. From 1928 to 2018, Nigeria recorded the highest number (21%) of cases in the region. The reactive vaccination strategy, a protocol with major drawbacks, has been the vaccination method utilised in Nigeria.

Aim: This review highlights the need for governments within the African meningitis belt to start preparations against the next explosive CSM epidemic expected to occur between 2024 and 2028 using the preventive vaccination strategy.

Methods: We performed a literature search on the Google Scholar search engine using relevant search strings and included studies and reports between 1905 and 2022 that met set criteria.

Results: Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, W135, X, and Y; Haemophilus influenzae serotypes a, b, c, e, and f; and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 19, 19F, and 20 were implicated as aetiologies. However, the reactive vaccination strategy was only used against N. meningitidis A or C, H. influenzae b, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Between 2011 and 2017, a polysaccharide vaccine (ACW or ACYW) active against serogroups A, C, W and Y was used within the African meningitis belt for the first time. Varying genotypes of N. meningitidis, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were identified.

Conclusion: Our results revealed a very high success rate for the preventive vaccination strategy.

What this study adds: In order to ensure reductions in the morbidity and mortality associated with invasive CSM, the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria, should leverage existing knowledge of the circulating serogroups, serotypes, and genotypes of the primary bacterial aetiologies and commence the implementation of the preventive vaccination strategy.

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使用预防性疫苗接种战略对尼日利亚爆炸性脑脊髓膜炎疫情进行流行病预测和防备。

背景:在非洲脑膜炎带，每年爆发的脑脊髓膜炎(CSM)发病率为每10万人口10-100例，通常每8-12年发生一次爆炸性流行，发病率可超过每10万人口1000例。从1928年到2018年，尼日利亚在该地区的病例数最高(21%)。反应性疫苗接种战略是尼日利亚使用的疫苗接种方法，这是一种存在重大缺陷的方案。目的:本综述强调非洲脑膜炎带各国政府需要开始利用预防性疫苗接种战略，为预计在2024年至2028年之间发生的下一次爆炸性脊髓炎流行做准备。方法:我们使用相关搜索字符串在Google Scholar搜索引擎上进行文献检索，并纳入1905年至2022年间符合设定标准的研究和报告。结果:脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清A、B、C、W135、X、Y组;流感嗜血杆菌血清型a、b、c、e和f;肺炎链球菌血清型1、4、5、6、9、19、19F和20被认为是病因。然而，反应性疫苗接种策略仅用于脑膜炎奈瑟菌A或C、流感奈瑟菌b和肺炎球菌结合疫苗。2011年至2017年期间，首次在非洲脑膜炎带使用了一种针对a、C、W和Y血清群具有活性的多糖疫苗(ACW或ACYW)。鉴定出不同基因型的脑膜炎奈瑟菌、流感奈瑟菌和肺炎奈瑟菌。结论:我们的结果显示，预防接种策略的成功率非常高。本研究补充的内容:为了确保降低与侵袭性脊髓炎相关的发病率和死亡率，尼日利亚联邦卫生部应利用现有的关于主要细菌病原学的流行血清群、血清型和基因型的知识，并开始实施预防性疫苗接种战略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, the official journal of ASLM, focuses on the role of the laboratory and its professionals in the clinical and public healthcare sectors,and is specifically based on an African frame of reference. Emphasis is on all aspects that promote and contribute to the laboratory medicine practices of Africa. This includes, amongst others: laboratories, biomedical scientists and clinicians, medical community, public health officials and policy makers, laboratory systems and policies (translation of laboratory knowledge, practices and technologies in clinical care), interfaces of laboratory with medical science, laboratory-based epidemiology, laboratory investigations, evidence-based effectiveness in real world (actual) settings.