A biological cleaning agent for removing mold stains from paper artifacts

IF 2.6 1区 艺术学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Qingxia Meng, Xianchao Li, Junqiang Geng, Chenshu Liu, Songbin Ben
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Abstract

Efficient removal of mold stains becomes an important research topic for paper conservation. In this study, a cleaning scheme based on the combination of bioenzymes and biosurfactants was explored. Morphological and molecular biology identifications were first jointly applied to identify the dominant strains sampled from five ancient books that are stored in the same environment. Cellulolytic experiments were then conducted to evaluate the cellulose degradation ability of the strains according to the cellulolytic digestive index. Finally, paper Mockups for the ancient books were constructed to investigate the most effective combination of bioenzymes and biosurfactants in removing mold stains as well as its effect on the paper’s physical properties. The result concluded that the combination of 3% papain, 7% of sophorolipid or 7% of betaine, and distilled water, achieved optimal stain removal effect with over 50% cleaning rate at 35 °C, after 30 min of infiltration. The maximum color difference of the paper material after cleaning was around 0.60, pH was between 7.45 and 7.79, and no significant changes in tensile strength were observed. At the same time, Sophorolipid and Betaine both have superior deacidification, anti-acidification, anti-aging, and reinforcement capabilities, which can provide extra support to the fibrous structure in addition to cleaning the paper materials. The microbial contamination cleaning agent proposed in this study shows promising application prospects in conserving mold-contaminated paper artifacts.

Abstract Image

一种生物清洗剂,用于去除纸制品上的霉菌污渍
有效去除霉菌污渍成为纸张保护的重要研究课题。在本研究中,探索了一种基于生物酶和生物表面活性剂结合的清洁方案。形态学鉴定和分子生物学鉴定首次联合应用于鉴定在同一环境下保存的5本古籍样本的优势菌株。然后进行纤维素分解实验,根据纤维素分解消化指数评价菌株的纤维素降解能力。最后,构建古籍纸质模型,考察生物酶和生物表面活性剂对去除霉菌污渍的最有效组合及其对纸张物理性能的影响。结果表明,3%木瓜蛋白酶、7%槐脂或7%甜菜碱与蒸馏水配合,在35℃条件下浸泡30 min,去污率达到50%以上,去污率最高。清洗后的纸张材料最大色差在0.60左右,pH值在7.45 ~ 7.79之间,抗拉强度无明显变化。同时,槐油脂和甜菜碱都具有优越的脱酸、抗酸、抗老化和增强能力,除了清洁纸张材料外,还可以为纤维结构提供额外的支撑。本研究提出的微生物污染清洗剂在保存霉菌污染的纸制品方面具有广阔的应用前景。
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来源期刊
Heritage Science
Heritage Science Arts and Humanities-Conservation
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
183
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Heritage Science is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research covering: Understanding of the manufacturing processes, provenances, and environmental contexts of material types, objects, and buildings, of cultural significance including their historical significance. Understanding and prediction of physico-chemical and biological degradation processes of cultural artefacts, including climate change, and predictive heritage studies. Development and application of analytical and imaging methods or equipments for non-invasive, non-destructive or portable analysis of artwork and objects of cultural significance to identify component materials, degradation products and deterioration markers. Development and application of invasive and destructive methods for understanding the provenance of objects of cultural significance. Development and critical assessment of treatment materials and methods for artwork and objects of cultural significance. Development and application of statistical methods and algorithms for data analysis to further understanding of culturally significant objects. Publication of reference and corpus datasets as supplementary information to the statistical and analytical studies above. Description of novel technologies that can assist in the understanding of cultural heritage.
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