Small reserve but high diversity: butterfly community across an altitudinal gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Andrêsa G. Andrade, Cássio Cardoso Pereira, Vinícius F. Sperandei, Tatiana Cornelissen
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Abstract

 The present study aimed to describe the composition of the butterfly community in relation to the altitudinal gradient in the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Alto-Montana, Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to provide a list of species for the area. We collected samples in the RPPN Alto-Montana along an altitudinal gradient from 1400 to 2100 m, between the dry and rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019. During this period, the sampling method utilizing Van-Someren Rydon traps totaled 3,936 hours and the effort using sweep nets totaled 246 hours. A total of 1,253 butterflies distributed across 124 species and six families of diurnal butterflies were observed (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Riodinidae). Nymphalidae was the most representative family, followed by Hesperiidae, Pieridade, Lycaenidae, Papilionidae and Riodinidae. Moreover, we recorded 37 species with only one individual (singletons) and 20 species with only two individuals (doubletons), totalling 57 species, which corresponds to 46% of all sampled richness. The rarefaction curve did not reveal a tendency toward stabilization. However, the indices showed slightly higher values for the 124 species sampled. The analysis performed using the Bootstrap estimator predicted a total of 143.22 species (± 10.87 SE), with a further 19 additional species than observed. Chao 1 predicted 153.42 (± 11.82 SE), and Jackknife 1 predicted 164.00 (± 16.29 SE) species, with 29 and 40 additional species than the observed, respectively. Our study contributes to the knowledge of butterfly biodiversity in Serra da Mantiqueira and reveals a high species richness for the RPPN Alto Montana, especially considering the relatively small area. In addition, our study provides the first inventory of butterflies for the RPPN Alto Montana, thus supporting further studies investigating the butterfly richness in the Serra da Mantiqueira region. Finally, our findings of endemic, rare, and endangered butterfly species highlight the relevance of further conservation strategies to be considered for the Protected Area’s Management Plan.
Small保护区但多样性高:巴西大西洋森林跨海拔梯度的蝴蝶群落
The本研究旨在描述巴西米纳斯吉拉州Serra da Mantiqueira Alto-Montana保护区Patrimônio Natural reserve (RPPN)蝴蝶群落的组成与海拔梯度的关系,并提供该地区的种类清单。我们在2018年和2019年的旱季和雨季之间,沿着1400至2100米的海拔梯度在阿尔托-蒙大拿州的RPPN收集了样本。在此期间,使用Van-Someren Rydon诱捕器的抽样方法共计3,936小时,使用扫网的抽样方法共计246小时。共观察到1253只蝴蝶,分布于6科124种,分别为夜蝶科、夜蝶科、蛱蝶科、凤蝶科、蛱蝶科和蛱蝶科。最具代表性的科是蛱蝶科,其次是蛱蝶科、蛱蝶科、蛱蝶科、蛱蝶科和蛱蝶科。此外,我们记录到37个物种只有1个个体(单粒),20个物种只有2个个体(双粒),总共57个物种,相当于所有样本丰富度的46%。稀薄曲线没有显示出趋于稳定的趋势。然而,124种样品的指数略高。利用Bootstrap估计器进行分析,共预测了143.22种(±10.87 SE),比观测值多出19种。Chao 1预测153.42(±11.82 SE)种,Jackknife 1预测164.00(±16.29 SE)种,分别比观测值增加29种和40种。我们的研究有助于了解Serra da Mantiqueira的蝴蝶生物多样性,并揭示了RPPN Alto Montana的物种丰富度很高,特别是考虑到相对较小的面积。此外,我们的研究为RPPN Alto Montana提供了第一个蝴蝶清单,从而支持进一步研究Serra da Mantiqueira地区的蝴蝶丰富度。最后,我们对特有、稀有和濒危蝴蝶物种的研究结果强调了保护区管理计划中需要考虑的进一步保护策略的相关性。
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