Sensitive lipid biomarker detection for tuberculosis in late Neanderthal skeletons from Subalyuk Cave, Hungary

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Tuberculosis Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI:10.1016/j.tube.2023.102420

Oona Y-C. Lee , Houdini H.T. Wu , Gurdyal S. Besra , David E. Minnikin , Heidi Y. Jaeger , Frank Maixner , Albert Zink , Mihály Gasparik , Ildikó Pap , Zsolt Bereczki , György Pálfi

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Skeletal remains of two Neanderthal individuals, a 25-35 year-old woman and a 3-4 year-old child, were discovered in a Subalyuk Cave in North-Eastern Hungary. Radiocarbon dating of the female and child remains revealed an age of 39,732–39,076 and 36,117–35,387 cal BP, respectively. Paleopathological studies of these Neanderthal remains revealed probable evidence of skeletal mycobacterial infection, including in the sacrum of the adult specimen and the endocranial surface of the child's skull. Application of PCR amplification to the juvenile cranium and a vertebra gave a positive result (IS6110) for tuberculosis, backed up by spoligotyping. Lipid biomarker analyses of the same two specimens revealed definitive signals for C₃₂ mycoserosates, a very characteristic component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). A vertebra from the adult provided weak evidence for mycocerosate biomarkers. The correlation of probable skeletal lesions with characteristic amplified DNA fragments and a proven lipid biomarker points to the presence of tuberculosis in these Neanderthals. In particular, the closely similar biomarker profiles, for two distinct juvenile cranial and vertebral bones, strengthen this diagnosis.

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匈牙利Subalyuk洞穴晚期尼安德特人骨骼中结核病的敏感脂质生物标志物检测

在匈牙利东北部的Subalyuk洞穴中发现了两具尼安德特人的骨骼遗骸，一名25-35岁的女性和一名3-4岁的儿童。对女性和儿童遗骸的放射性碳定年结果显示，年龄分别为39,732-39,076和36,117-35,387 cal BP。对这些尼安德特人遗骸的古病理学研究揭示了骨骼分枝杆菌感染的可能证据，包括在成人标本的骶骨和儿童头骨的颅内表面。将PCR扩增应用于幼年颅骨和椎骨，得到结核的阳性结果(IS6110)，并得到spoligotyping的支持。对相同两个标本的脂质生物标志物分析揭示了结核分枝杆菌复合体(MTBC)的一个非常典型的组成部分C32丝脂酸酯的明确信号。来自成人的椎骨为真菌酸生物标志物提供了微弱的证据。可能的骨骼病变与特征扩增的DNA片段和已证实的脂质生物标志物的相关性表明，这些尼安德特人中存在结核病。特别是，对于两个不同的少年颅骨和椎骨，密切相似的生物标志物谱，加强了这种诊断。

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来源期刊

Tuberculosis 医学-呼吸系统

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Tuberculosis is a speciality journal focusing on basic experimental research on tuberculosis, notably on bacteriological, immunological and pathogenesis aspects of the disease. The journal publishes original research and reviews on the host response and immunology of tuberculosis and the molecular biology, genetics and physiology of the organism, however discourages submissions with a meta-analytical focus (for example, articles based on searches of published articles in public electronic databases, especially where there is lack of evidence of the personal involvement of authors in the generation of such material). We do not publish Clinical Case-Studies. Areas on which submissions are welcomed include: -Clinical TrialsDiagnostics- Antimicrobial resistance- Immunology- Leprosy- Microbiology, including microbial physiology- Molecular epidemiology- Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria- Pathogenesis- Pathology- Vaccine development. This Journal does not accept case-reports. The resurgence of interest in tuberculosis has accelerated the pace of relevant research and Tuberculosis has grown with it, as the only journal dedicated to experimental biomedical research in tuberculosis.