Surgery for intersex

Abstract

Surgery for intersex is a complex and controversial topic. The traditional practice of surgery for all—usually during infancy—has been challenged by unsatisfied adult patients. There is at present little good outcome data partly due to the problems of non-disclosure of diagnosis, which leaves adult patients absent from follow-up studies. Only recently has more information become available on gynaecological and sexual outcomes. This review covers the three main aspects of intersex surgery: clitoral surgery, vaginoplasty and gonadectomy. Traditional and modern surgical techniques are described as well as any available follow-up data. The current controversies surrounding the role of intersex surgery are summarised.