China's family planning policy and fertility transition

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY

社会 Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI:10.1177/2057150x231205773

Zhenwu Zhai, Guangzhao Jin

{"title":"China's family planning policy and fertility transition","authors":"Zhenwu Zhai, Guangzhao Jin","doi":"10.1177/2057150x231205773","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Due to the immense population pressure and rapid population growth, the government of the People's Republic of China introduced the family planning policy in the 1950s and 1960s. It was fully implemented in the 1970s and tightened further into the one-child policy in the early 1980s. The implementation of the family planning policy played a significant role in China's fertility transition, with the total fertility rate shifting from approximately six to below the replacement level in around two decades. Facing the long-term low fertility rate and changes in the socioeconomic environment, the government implemented a selective two-child policy and a universal two-child policy in 2013 and 2015, respectively; consequently, the fertility rate rebounded temporarily. However, the two-child policy's effects have gradually diminished, and the fertility rate has declined dramatically since 2017. In 2021, China announced a three-child policy and supporting measures, followed by steps to improve the country's fertility support system, signifying a shift in China's family planning policy from a restrictive to an inclusive approach. Currently, there still exists potential for improvements in China's fertility level, and the key to tapping this potential lies in establishing a comprehensive, systematic, and sustainable fertility support policy system as soon as possible.","PeriodicalId":37302,"journal":{"name":"社会","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"社会","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2057150x231205773","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SOCIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Due to the immense population pressure and rapid population growth, the government of the People's Republic of China introduced the family planning policy in the 1950s and 1960s. It was fully implemented in the 1970s and tightened further into the one-child policy in the early 1980s. The implementation of the family planning policy played a significant role in China's fertility transition, with the total fertility rate shifting from approximately six to below the replacement level in around two decades. Facing the long-term low fertility rate and changes in the socioeconomic environment, the government implemented a selective two-child policy and a universal two-child policy in 2013 and 2015, respectively; consequently, the fertility rate rebounded temporarily. However, the two-child policy's effects have gradually diminished, and the fertility rate has declined dramatically since 2017. In 2021, China announced a three-child policy and supporting measures, followed by steps to improve the country's fertility support system, signifying a shift in China's family planning policy from a restrictive to an inclusive approach. Currently, there still exists potential for improvements in China's fertility level, and the key to tapping this potential lies in establishing a comprehensive, systematic, and sustainable fertility support policy system as soon as possible.

查看原文本刊更多论文

中国计划生育政策与生育转型

由于巨大的人口压力和人口的快速增长，中华人民共和国政府在20世纪50年代和60年代推出了计划生育政策。它在20世纪70年代全面实施，并在80年代初进一步收紧独生子女政策。计划生育政策的实施在中国的生育率转变中发挥了重要作用，在大约20年的时间里，总生育率从大约6降到低于更替水平。面对长期的低生育率和社会经济环境的变化，政府分别于2013年和2015年实施了选择性二孩政策和全面二孩政策;因此，生育率暂时回升。然而，二孩政策的影响逐渐减弱，自2017年以来，生育率大幅下降。2021年，中国宣布了三孩政策和配套措施，随后采取措施完善国家的生育支持体系，这标志着中国计划生育政策从限制性向包容性的转变。当前，中国生育水平仍有提升空间，挖掘这一潜力的关键在于尽快建立起全面、系统、可持续的生育支持政策体系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

社会 Social Sciences-Social Sciences (all)

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

6799

期刊介绍： The Chinese Journal of Sociology is a peer reviewed, international journal with the following standards: 1. The purpose of the Journal is to publish (in the English language) articles, reviews and scholarly comment which have been judged worthy of publication by appropriate specialists and accepted by the University on studies relating to sociology. 2. The Journal will be international in the sense that it will seek, wherever possible, to publish material from authors with an international reputation and articles that are of interest to an international audience. 3. In pursuit of the above the journal shall: (i) draw on and include high quality work from the international community . The Journal shall include work representing the major areas of interest in sociology. (ii) avoid bias in favour of the interests of particular schools or directions of research or particular political or narrow disciplinary objectives to the exclusion of others; (iii) ensure that articles are written in a terminology and style which makes them intelligible, not merely within the context of a particular discipline or abstract mode, but across the domain of relevant disciplines.