Dynamics of thermal radiation and Lorentz force on the hybrid nanofluid (Ethylene Glycol + Graphene + Copper) flow via an exponentially stretching sheet with chemical reaction: An irreversibility analysis

Abstract

Abstract An exciting new class of heat transmission fluids, nanofluids, has been developed as an alternative to traditional fluids in manufacturing. Fuel cells, heat exchangers and pharmaceutical processes are just a few of the many uses for them. When compared to monofluids, the heat transmission properties of hybrid fluids are superior. These are findings used in an extensive diversity of fields, from solar energy to air conditioning. The objective of this paper is to examine how Lorentz force and chemical reaction parameters affect the characteristics of a couple stress hybrid nanofluid (Ethylene Glycol + Graphene + Copper) flow via an exponentially stretching surface. The heat transport phenomenon is studied using viscous dissipation, exponential heat source and thermal radiation parameters. Furthermore, irreversibility analysis is provided in this paper. Governing equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The bvp4c solver in MATLAB is used to solve the transformed system. Engineering parameters of interest, including skin friction coefficient, are described using bar diagrams. It has been noted that the magnetic field and volume fraction of graphene nanoparticles (ϕ 1 ) reduce the skin friction coefficient. At , the skin friction coefficient decreases at a rate of 4.68187. It is observed that there is an increment in the fluid temperature with the rise in the exponential heat source parameter, and the velocity profile increases with the increase in the mixed convection parameter. It is detected that, while Eckert number () was set to , Nusselt number was reduced by 6.29239. It is noticed that, while the chemical reaction () is set to , the mass transfer rate rises at a Rate of 0.349644. It has been observed that as the Brinkmann number and magnetic field parameters increase, so does the rate of entropy production. It is also detected that as the porosity parameter increases, the fluid momentum decreases. Furthermore, increasing the couple stress parameter decreases the fluid velocity.