Descriptive study of the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder and brachium in kinkajou (Potos flavus) and an evolutionary analysis within the suborder Caniformia

IF 2.4 2区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Juan Fernando Vélez-García, Diego Alejandro Carrión Blanco, Gabriela Moreno Gómez, Stephanie San Martín Cañas
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Abstract

Abstract The kinkajou ( Potos flavus ) is a carnivoran of the suborder Caniformia and the family Procyonidae , inhabiting regions throughout Central and South America. Potos flavus has arboreal preferences and exhibits unique anatomical adaptations that facilitate movement within trees. Its pelvic limbs enable hindfoot reversal, while its thoracic limbs possess remarkable prehensile capabilities. Previous anatomical studies in Potos flavus have presented discrepancies in the description of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive anatomical description of these muscles in five specimens. The findings are compared with descriptions reported for other caniforms. The application of the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm aids in identifying relationships among caniforms based on the presence or absence of specific muscles. Our analysis reveals several key differences, including the presence of a biceps brachii with two capita (longum and breve), two coracobrachiales muscles (longus and brevis), a tensor fasciae antebrachii with two distinct parts (cranialis and caudalis), and an anconeus medialis. The caput breve of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis longus muscles are absent in some individuals, with prevalence rates of 10% and 20%, respectively. One specimen exhibited an accessory caput laterale of the m. triceps brachii bilaterally. The comparative analysis suggests that the shoulder and brachial muscles of Potos flavus share more similarities with those of Ailurus fulgens and ursids of the genera Ursus and Tremarctos . These findings suggest the retention of muscles that may have been present in the common ancestor of the infraorder Arctoidea.
蜜熊(Potos flavus)肩部和臂部固有肌肉的描述性研究和蜜熊亚目的进化分析
蜜熊(Potos flavus)是蜜熊亚目原蜥科的一种食肉动物,分布在中美洲和南美洲。黄豆有树栖偏好,并表现出独特的解剖适应性,有利于在树内运动。它的骨盆肢可以使后脚翻转,而它的胸肢具有显著的抓握能力。以前对黄豆的解剖研究在描述内在肩部和肱肌方面存在差异。因此,本研究旨在提供五个标本中这些肌肉的全面解剖描述。这些发现与其他类人兽的描述进行了比较。基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类(DBSCAN)算法的应用有助于根据特定肌肉的存在或不存在来识别犬类之间的关系。我们的分析揭示了几个关键的差异,包括有两个头(长肌和短肌)的肱二头肌,两个喙肌(长肌和短肌),有两个不同部分(颅肌和尾肌)的肱筋膜张肌,以及一个内侧肌。肱二头肌和喙臂长肌的短头肌在某些个体中缺失,患病率分别为10%和20%。其中一个标本两侧显示出肱三头肌的副侧头。对比分析表明,黄豆的肩部和肱肌与熊科和熊科的熊科动物有更多的相似之处。这些发现表明,肌肉的保留可能存在于下目兽总的共同祖先身上。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
19.00%
发文量
42
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Research fields covered by VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY are ta‍xo‍no‍my, mor‍pho‍logy, an‍at‍omy, phy‍lo‍ge‍ny (mo‍le‍cu‍lar and mor‍pho‍lo‍gy-based), hi‍sto‍ri‍cal bio‍geo‍gra‍phy, and pa‍lae‍on‍to‍lo‍gy of ver‍te‍bra‍tes.
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