CROP FORMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES WHEN GROWN FOR PLANNED YIELD

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study the effect of fertilizers and micronutrients on crop formation and productivity of winter wheat varieties when grown on the planned yield in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021-2022 in Samara region. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: doses of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield (factor A) – 4.5 t/ha, 6.5 t/ha; varieties of winter wheat (factor B) – Scepter, Moskovskaya 40, Svarog; systems for processing crops with MEGAMIX preparations (factor C): - without processing (control), the MEGAMIX system. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary residual carbonate medium-humus medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem. The content of humus is 6.4%, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen is 15.3 mg, mobile phosphorus is 8.6 mg and exchangeable potassium is 23.9 mg/100 g of soil. The volume mass of the soil layer 0-1.1 m is 1.27 g/cm3, pHsol.5.8 (according to the testing laboratory of Federal State University Samara Reference Center of Rosselkhoznadzor). Systematic processing of winter wheat plants by development phases ensures their safety for harvesting at the level of 64.5...88.7%, contributes to an increase in the number of productive stems up to 450 ...569 pcs. per 1 m2. The yield of the varieties turned out to be high 4.92...5.73 t/ha against the background of 1 (planned yield 4.5 t/ha) and 6.41...7.47 t/ha (planned yield 6.5 t/ha). The program for the planned yield is carried out in all variants. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained on crops of Svarog variety – 5.98 t/ha (when applying fertilizers for a yield of 4.5 t/ha) and 7.72 t/ha (for a planned yield of 6.5 t/ha) with systematic treatment of crops with MEGAMIX preparations: MEGAMIX PROFI, MEGAMIX NITROGEN, MEGAMIX NITROGEN + MEGAMIX SULFUR.