Critically Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a Short Review on the Mechanisms of Resistance and Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a critically resistant pathogen that is responsible for the morbidity of immunodeficient patients throughout the world. The bacterium possesses unique resistance to several antibiotics. Numerous resistance mechanisms like reliable efflux pumps, reduced permeability of the cell membrane, inactivation of antimicrobial drugs by enzymatic mechanisms and modification of antibiotic target sites enable the survival of the bacteria in adverse conditions. The causes and extent of antibiotic resistance in this bacterial species have been elucidated clearly. The ability of the pathogen to express several mutations in crucial genes makes it lethal. The everlasting threat of intrinsic as well as acquired antimicrobial resistance in common bacterial species is studied extensively to devise newer and effective therapeutics for the general public. Several studies have worked on the methods to deal with P. aeruginosa infections. The highest level of the newest antibiotics along with combinatorial therapy is administered to severely affected patients. Modern therapeutic strategies of bacteriophage therapy have been tested preclinically. The problem statement of curing P. aeruginosa infections thoroughly is yet to be resolved constructively.