Lithium ion batteries participating in frequency regulation for power grid under the thermoelectric coupling degradation mechanisms

IF 15 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Etransportation Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI:10.1016/j.etran.2023.100290

Yudi Qin , Xiaoru Chen , Zhoucheng Xu , Jiuyu Du , Hewu Wang , Qiang Zhang , Minggao Ouyang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an important role for the global net-zero emission trend. They are suitable for the power interaction with the power grid with high penetration renewable energy. However, the detail evolution of the LIBs participating in frequency regulation (FR) service at low temperature is critical for the all-climate application, especially the capacity decay and the related economic loss. This study reveals that the primary degradation mechanisms for FR operation at low temperature include lithium plating of anode and lattice distortion of cathode. Surprisingly, FR with appropriate parameters for batteries at low temperature does not introduce additional capacity decay due to the great temperature rise brought about and the optimized interfacial mass transfer. This study then analyses the economy of electric vehicles (EVs) participating in FR service, which is called vehicle-to-grid (V2G). A better temperature control can improve the profit of 35.88 $/kW. An appropriate capability is also vital to improve the profit of FR service. Moreover, suitable FR conditions for LIBs can even bring a certain degree of capacity improvement at low temperature. This work guides the design criteria of non-destructive LIB interaction for future grid.

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热电耦合退化机制下参与电网频率调节的锂离子电池

锂离子电池（LIB）在全球净零排放趋势中发挥着重要作用。它们适用于与可再生能源渗透率高的电网进行电力互动。然而，参与频率调节（FR）服务的锂离子电池在低温条件下的详细演化对全天候应用至关重要，尤其是容量衰减和相关的经济损失。本研究揭示了低温下频率调节工作的主要衰减机制，包括阳极镀锂和阴极晶格畸变。令人惊讶的是，在低温条件下，采用适当参数的 FR 电池不会产生额外的容量衰减，这是因为温度升高幅度很大，而且优化了界面传质。随后，本研究分析了电动汽车（EV）参与 "车联网"（V2G）服务的经济性。更好的温度控制可提高 35.88 美元/千瓦的利润。适当的能力对于提高 FR 服务的利润也至关重要。此外，适合锂电池的温度控制条件甚至可以在低温条件下带来一定程度的容量提升。这项工作为未来电网的无损锂电池相互作用设计标准提供了指导。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Etransportation Engineering-Automotive Engineering

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

12.60%

发文量

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation. The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment. Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.