SWI/SNF-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinomas: Multidisciplinary Research Perspectives

IF 0.4 Q4 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
Serena Danti, Claudio Ricci, Teresa Macchi, Iacopo Dallan, Stefano Berrettini, Alessandro Franchi
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Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review An emerging subset of dismal sinonasal cancers are those characterized by the loss of a SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex unit, such as the SWI/SNF-related Matrix-associated Actin-dependent Regulator of Chromatin (SMARC), which includes two main subtypes: SMARCB1- and SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinomas, ultimately leading to four distinct SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal tumors. These cancers are rare entities and low treatment responsive malignancies. In fact, they are poorly differentiated and usually detected at a late stage, when invasion of facial and cranial regions had already occurred. Recent Findings From a histological standpoint, SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinomas belong to the group of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUC); however, their distinctive features disclose a special category for these cancers. The identification of biomarkers and signaling pathways has led to the development of emerging therapies, such as immunotherapy and personalized treatments. Finally, we report preliminary findings on 3D in vitro models of sinonasal cancers, as a multidisciplinary tool that could empower the understanding of SWI/SNF-deficient cancer biology. Summary Here, we review the current knowledge about histological and molecular features of SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal cancers, with a focus on treatment options and multidisciplinary research perspectives. The possibility of studying SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal tumors in-depth would be fostered by the establishment of tumor cell lines.
缺乏SWI/ snf的鼻窦癌:多学科研究视角
一个新兴的隐性鼻窦癌亚型是那些以SWItch/蔗糖不可发酵(SWI/SNF)复合物单元缺失为特征的癌症亚型,如SWI/SNF相关基质相关肌动蛋白依赖性染色质调节剂(SMARC),其中包括两种主要亚型:SMARCB1-和smarca4缺陷型鼻窦癌,最终导致四种不同的SWI/SNF缺陷型鼻窦肿瘤。这些癌症是罕见的实体和低治疗反应的恶性肿瘤。事实上,它们是低分化的,通常在晚期才发现,此时已经发生了面部和颅骨的侵犯。从组织学角度来看,SWI/ snf缺陷型鼻窦癌属于鼻窦未分化癌(SNUC);然而,它们的独特特征揭示了这些癌症的特殊类别。生物标志物和信号通路的识别导致了新兴疗法的发展,如免疫疗法和个性化治疗。最后,我们报告了鼻窦癌体外3D模型的初步发现,作为一种多学科工具,可以增强对SWI/ snf缺陷癌症生物学的理解。在这里,我们回顾了目前关于SWI/ snf缺陷鼻窦癌的组织学和分子特征,重点介绍了治疗方案和多学科研究前景。通过肿瘤细胞系的建立,为深入研究SWI/ snf缺陷鼻窦肿瘤提供了可能。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
16.70%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: This journal aims to offer expert review articles on the most significant recent developments in the field of otorhinolaryngology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An Editorial Board of more than 20 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics include emerging research, and suggests topics of special importance to their country/region. Topics covered may include chronic rhinosinusitis; implantable devices; neurolaryngology; otolaryngic allergy; robotic surgery; sleep apnea; skull base surgery; thyroid surgery; and quality and outcomes.
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