THE STATUS OF GAZA AS OCCUPIED TERRITORY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

IF 1.6 2区社会学 Q1 LAW

International & Comparative Law Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI:10.1017/s0020589323000349

Safaa Sadi Jaber, Ilias Bantekas

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Abstract

Abstract The traditional effective control test for determining the existence of a belligerent occupation requires boots on the ground. However, the evolution of the international law of occupation and the emergence of complex situations, particularly of a technological nature, necessitate a functional approach that protects the rights of occupied populations. The political, historical and geographical conditions of Gaza allow Israel to exert effective remote control. Despite the disengagement of Israel from Gaza in 2005 and the assumption of military and political authority by Hamas, this article argues that Israel nonetheless continues to be in effective occupation of the Gaza Strip on the basis of the following grounds: (1) the relatively small size of Gaza in connection with the technological superiority of the Israeli air force allows Israeli boots to be present in Gaza within a reasonable response time; (2) Hamas's authority and armed resistance do not impede the status of occupation; (3) the long pre-disengagement occupation and close proximity between Israel and Gaza (geography) allow for the remote exercise of effective control; and (4) all imports, exports in and out of Gaza, and any movement of persons are fully controlled and regulated by Israel.

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根据国际法，加沙作为被占领领土的地位

传统的有效控制测试用于确定交战占领的存在需要地面部队。但是，国际占领法的演变和复杂局势的出现，特别是技术性的复杂局势，需要采取一种保护被占领人口权利的职能办法。加沙的政治、历史和地理条件使以色列能够进行有效的远程控制。尽管以色列于2005年从加沙撤出，并由哈马斯接管了军事和政治权力，但本文认为，基于以下理由，以色列仍然继续有效占领加沙地带:(1)加沙相对较小的面积与以色列空军的技术优势相联系，使以色列的靴子能够在合理的反应时间内出现在加沙;(2)哈马斯的权威和武装抵抗并不妨碍占领地位;(3)脱离接触前的长期占领和以色列与加沙之间的邻近(地理位置)允许远程有效控制;(4)进出加沙的所有进出口以及人员的任何流动都由以色列完全控制和管制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International & Comparative Law Quarterly LAW-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

10.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The International & Comparative Law Quarterly (ICLQ) publishes papers on public and private international law, comparative law, human rights and European law, and is one of the world''s leading journals covering all these areas. Since it was founded in 1952 the ICLQ has built a reputation for publishing innovative and original articles within the various fields, and also spanning them, exploring the connections between the subject areas. It offers both academics and practitioners wide topical coverage, without compromising rigorous editorial standards. The ICLQ attracts scholarship of the highest standard from around the world, which contributes to the maintenance of its truly international frame of reference. The ''Shorter Articles and Notes'' section enables the discussion of contemporary legal issues and ''Book Reviews'' highlight the most important new publications in these various fields. The ICLQ is the journal of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, and is published by Cambridge University Press.