EDGARD MILHAUD AND THE CASE FOR ESTABLISHING AN INTERNATIONAL CLEARING UNION IN THE 1930S: A FORGOTTEN FORERUNNER OF KEYNES?

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Adrien Faudot, Nikolay Nenovsky
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Abstract

Edgard Milhaud (1873–1964), a professor at the University of Geneva, published a series of texts (from 1932 onwards) promoting the establishment of multilateral international compensation between nation-states, and actively campaigned for this project. His plan centered on a call for a “gold truce” as an alternative to the bilateral clearing agreements that proliferated at the time. The plan drew the attention of several international organizations. It reached the point of arousing the interest of the League of Nations (LON), which decided in 1934 to launch an inquiry (published in 1935) questioning LON members about the project of making clearing agreements multilateral. The Milhaud plan nevertheless fell into oblivion after the Tripartite Agreement (1936) and then the outbreak of WW II. This work aims to situate the Milhaud plan in its intellectual and political context—i.e., the 1930s—analyze its content, and understand its failure. The article also assesses what it had in common with Keynes’s plan for an international clearing union developed several years later.
上世纪30年代埃德加德•米约(Edgard milhaud)和建立国际清算联盟的理由:一个被遗忘的凯恩斯先驱?
日内瓦大学教授埃德加德·米约(Edgard Milhaud, 1873-1964)从1932年起发表了一系列文章,推动建立民族国家间的多边国际赔偿制度,并积极为此进行宣传。他的计划重点是呼吁“黄金休战”,作为当时激增的双边清算协议的替代方案。该计划引起了几个国际组织的注意。它甚至引起了国际联盟(LON)的兴趣,于1934年决定发起一项调查(于1935年出版),询问国际联盟成员国关于使清算协议多边化的计划。然而,在1936年的《三国协定》和二战爆发后,米约的计划被遗忘了。这项工作旨在将米约计划置于其思想和政治背景中。分析它的内容,并理解它的失败。这篇文章还评估了它与凯恩斯几年后提出的国际清算联盟计划的共同点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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