Biological peculiarities of artificial reproduction of sturgeons (Acipenseriformes) (a rеview)

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the scientific data of domestic and foreign authors regarding the peculiarities of artificial reproduction of sturgeonss (Acipenseriformes). To investigate the state of study of the phenomenon of polyspermic fertilization in sturgeons and the factors that induce it in the conditions of artificial reproduction and cultivation. Findings. A review analysis of the results of scientific studies by domestic and foreign authors was carried out on the pecularities of artificial reproduction of sturgeons and the phenomenon of polysperm fertilization of their eggs in controlled conditions of aquaculture. It is shown that information on the problems of sturgeon polyspermy and its induction by various factors was practically absent in the available professional literature in recent years. Since during the artificial reproduction of sturgeons, a significant number of embryos have atypical development, which leads to their death even before hatching, it has been suggested that atypical forms of cell division were caused by polyspermy. The conducted studies added to the knowledge about the peculiarities of the structure of the sturgeon egg envelope and the processes that occur during fertilization. Despite the fact that there is a natural mechanism to prevent the possibility of polyspermic fertilization, this phenomenon occurs quite often, causing an impairment of zygote fragmentation at the initial stages of embryogenesis, and therefore a decrease in the yield of larvae. Understaning of the mechanism of blocking polyspermy in sturgeons and the factors that induce it requires further studies. The list of scientific articles includes 61 sources, 58 in English. The published publications mainly cover the period of the last twenty years. Practical value. A review of data from scientific and professional sources on the specified topic will allow a comprehensive approach to the understanding of the peculiarities of artificial reproduction of sturgeons, the phenomenon of polyspermy and increasing the yield of larvae in sturgeon farming. Review material on this topic can be interesting and useful for scientists, practitioners, students whose interests are related to aquaculture and used in the educational process of training specialists in specialty 207 “Aquatic bioresources and aquaculture”. Keywords: aquaculture, sturgeons (Acipen­seriformes), eggs, egg envelope, micropyle, fertilization, cortical reaction, polyspermy, embryos.