A fuzzy approach to sustainability I: A time-series analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

We use a [Formula: see text]-measure derived from fuzzy logic to evaluate progress toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations Member States. In this first of a two-part series, we evaluate the 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals by applying the [Formula: see text]-measure to a set of indicators. We examine the distribution and characteristics of the scores for each Goal and note trends over time, highlight outlier countries, and evaluate progress in each Goal area. In the second part, we will consider worldwide progress toward the Goals as a whole.