A fuzzy approach to sustainability II: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Abstract

In this paper, we use a [Formula: see text]-measure derived from fuzzy logic to evaluate progress toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations member states. In the first of this two-part series, we examined each of the Sustainable Development Goals individually. We now build a composite index score for 163 countries using the [Formula: see text]-measure to examine their progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals as a whole, rank them, and examine the characteristics of highly performing and of poorly performing countries. We also study the impact of income category and region on progress towards the Goals.