Evaluation of the productivity of male sterile forms of sugar beet depending of different structure and genetic origin

Abstract

The article summarizes the experimental data of three-year research on the creation of new pollen-sterile forms for heterosis sugar beet hybrids. The breeding process of creating high-performance hybrids requires new components with improved characteristics. It was found out that the initial CMS forms of different genetic nature, when crossed with sterility maintainers of other ecological and genetic origin, differ significantly in terms of yield with fluctuating indicators in the range of 47.9–62.5 t/ha and sugar content ranging from 16.01 to 19.93%, combining the manifestation of these signs in different ways, which significantly expands the range of variability in terms of productivity componrnts. The average productivity indicators of monogerm CMS lines in the form of simple sterile hybrids, regardless of the origin of their sterility maintainers, had higher sugar yield performance compared to pollen-sterile linear-type forms obtained by backcrossing. Variation of the quantitative traits in simple sterile hybrids had a significantly greater amplitude of oscillations compared to CMS lines. The best simple sterile hybrids in terms of yield were 720/Ot4 and 730/Ot4 with the yield of 63.6 and 62.1 t/ha, respectively, and in terms of sugar content — 730/Ot4 (19.3%) and 730/Ot5 (19.5%). They will be introduced in the breeding process for hybridization with multigerm pollinators.