Circular Mean of Scatterers’ Angles as the Mode of Angle Estimates with Monopulse Radar

Abstract

In radar, an extended target or structure is perceived as a collection of multiple point scatterers. For tracking radar, determining the weighted mean (or centroid) angle of these unresolved scatterers is crucial. Our study demonstrates that the monopulse angle estimate corresponds to the weighted circular mean of the angles of multiple scatterers, as supported by both analytical and simulation results.