Enhancing Counterfeit Detection with Multi-Features on Secure 2D Grayscale Codes

Abstract

Counterfeit products have become a pervasive problem in the global marketplace, necessitating effective strategies to protect both consumers and brands. This study examines the role of cybersecurity in addressing counterfeiting issues, specifically focusing on a multi-level grayscale watermark-based authentication system. The system comprises a generator responsible for creating a secure 2D code, and an authenticator designed to extract watermark information and verify product authenticity. To authenticate the secure 2D code, we propose various features, including the analysis of the spatial domain, frequency domain, and grayscale watermark distribution. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate interpolation methods to enhance counterfeit detection. Our proposed approach demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving precision, recall, and specificities surpassing 84.8%, 83.33%, and 84.5%, respectively, across different datasets.