By‐Product Utilization

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the by-products of seed processing and oil refining. The various uses of soybean, canola, sunflower, palm, safflower, cottonseed, olive, coconut, flax, and more are examined along with their extraction processes. The latest improvements in the by-products of oil refining, such as lecithin, refining by-product lipid, spent bleaching earth, deodorizer distilate, and spent catalyst are also reviewed. Keywords: soybean; canola; sunflower; vegetable oil; lecithin; safflower; cottonseed; palm; olive; coconut; groundnut; sesame; flax; soapstock; solvent extraction