MANAGEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY FACTORS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of long-term research in the field of management of soil fertility factors in the northern part of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The preservation of productive moisture reserves and the rational use of soil fertility, as well as its reproduction, remains a necessary condition for optimizing agricultural landscapes and increasing the productivity of agrocenoses. Improving the technology of cultivation of agricultural crops plays an important role in increasing the sustainability and yield of cultural cenosis. Precursors and crop rotation remain one of the most important elements in crop cultivation technologies. Despite the importance of these elements, there is a weakening of attention to the introduction and development of crop rotations, both in our republic and in the whole country. The studies conducted over 23 years have shown the influence of precursors in crop rotation on the phosphate regime of gray forest soil in the conditions of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, when placing rye after peas on grain, there was an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus during the growing season against the average background of fertilizers applied (the planned yield level is 2.5 grains/ha). The influence of various precursors on the incidence and development of the most common diseases of winter rye has been established; Pucciniarecondite Robergeex Desmas. f.sp. secales, Bipolarissorokiniana Shoemaker. Conducted long-term studies have also established the influence of precursors on the yield of winter rye and spring wheat in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan.