A new active only integrator for low frequency operations

Abstract

In this paper, a new active-only integrator which can be used to realize low frequency filters with small chip area is presented. The circuit can be effectively implemented using transconductance elements and its integration frequency is electronically controllable. In order to illustrate its usefulness, a second-order multifunction filter with low cut-off frequency, yet which occupy a small chip area is presented. Simulation results of the filter using SPECTRE in the CADENCE design tool which verify its proper operation are provided.