A review of ionospheric studies in Malaysia using GPS

Abstract

This paper is a general review of the ionospheric studies in Malaysia using Global Positioning System (GPS) technique. Inhomogeneous ionosphere can affect satellite signals that are travelling through the layer which exists at 50 to 2000 km above the Earth's surface. The equatorial ionosphere is unique where many ionospheric irregularities occur such as plasma bubble, equatorial anomaly, equatorial electroject, fountain effects and others. These irregularities make the equatorial region a good region to study. In this paper the study that have been done in Malaysia since 1999 is briefly dicussed. Due to the dense network of GPS owned by Department of Mapping and Surveying of Malaysia, this paper only focused on the ionospheric studies using GPS.