A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography, 1758-1963).

Abstract

There are 2141 species and subspecies listed and classified in this catalogue; additional 36 species of doubtful occurrence and 53 species erroneously recorded from the Philippines are also included. New names are proposed for 5 species bearing preoccupied names. The total number of new combinations is 200; total for new specific synonyms is 63. A count of the genera and subgenera of Hymenoptera incorporated into this catalogue is 676; not included are 62 braconid genera and 119 ichneumonid genera and 4 subgenera, whose occurrence has been reported in the Philippines by Baltazar (1962 & 1964), but no species are listed under these genera. Type designations are made for 2 chalcid genera, namely, Monacon Waterston and Neoplectrus Ferriere. A new generic synonym is given: (Conagenia Banks) —Auplopus Spinola. *v I N T R O D U C T I O N This catalogue brings together the widely scattered information on Philippine Hymenoptera covering the past 205 years. Originally the review of literature included al l works on Philippine species published before 1959, but w i th many important revisions and catalogues appearing recently, i t was neccessary to incorporate these so as to up-date the catalogue to 1963. Four papers (by Bradley, Betrem & Baltazar) published i n 1964 available at the time of wr i t ing were also reviewed. The order Hymenoptera includes the sawflies, wood wasps, parasites of other insects that are used in biological control work, gall wasps, fig wasps, ants, bees, and various kinds of wasps and related forms. The earliest listing of Philippine Hymenoptera could be credited to F. Smith's catalogue of the aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago (1870) 1871. There were 61 species reported f rom the Philippines. Father Casto de Elera of the Universi ty of Santo Tomas, Manila, published his Catalogo sistematico de toda la fauna Filipinas i n 1895. I n volume 2, pp. 238-47, he listed 53 species of Hymenoptera f rom the Philippines and also included 15 European species found i n the Museum of the University of Santo Tomas. The Philippine species appear i n the catalog of the Hymenoptera of the wor ld by Dalla Torre, from 1892 to 1902. When Ashmead prepared his first list of the Hymenoptera of the Philippine Islands i n 1904, he had only 183 species after describing 2 genera and 31 new species. He stated that many doubtful species mentioned by Elera were not included i n the list. His second list (1904) contained 228 species after discovering 4 new genera and 45 species. He found out later that he had overlooked some papers so he published a th i rd list i n 1905. He described 2 additional genera and 28 new species, bringing the total number to 256 species. Evidently Ashmead erroneously included many species which were marked by Dalla Torre as occurring in " Insulae asiaticae " or " Insul Arch ipe lago" ; some species f rom "Zulu" , "Sula Is." or "Zululand" must have been mistaken for Sulu i n the Philippines. The latest regional catalogue, which actually is a checklist, was published by Father Brown i n 1906. He listed 458 species of Hymenoptera from the Philippines, but of these, 34 names were not va l id or were manuscript names from Ashmead. Perhaps Ashmead intended to describe these species shortly after giving the names to Brown but these names were never validated. A list of nomina nuda appears at the end of this work. The pertinent information found in this catalogue are : (1) the va l id name of the insects, (2) synonyms, (3) type and type location, (4) distribution, (5) hosts and prey, (6) list of references pertaining to the species, (7) indications on each reference as to whether the 1966 Baltazar: Catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera 9 insect was described, illustrated, its biology and morphology discussed, and whether a key to the species was included, or the insect was merely cited i n a reference or listed in a previous catalogue. The arrangement of the genera and higher groups was based largely on the synoptic catalog of the Hymenoptera of America Nor th of Mexico (U.S.D.A. Monograph, No. 2, 1951) by Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes et al. and its first supplement by Krombein et al. (1958), unless otherwise specified in a note somewhere in the text. Names appearing i n the generic synonymy and marked w i t h an asterisk (*) indicate that these names although published earlier, have been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The arrangement of species w i t h i n a genus or subgenus is alphabetical. The t r i v i a l name is the subspecific name although i n the original publication the author might have referred to the taxon as either subspecific or infrasubspecific. Almost al l of the species, w i t h only a few exceptions, were described in the original publication, so it was not necessary to place desc. or o.d. i n the original reference citation. The distribution records i n the Philippines follow the scientific name of the species. These are summarized and the islands are mentioned i n the fol lowing sequence from north to south, but the Palawan group placed last: Batanes and Babuyan group; Luzon (provinces are arranged alphabetically) ; islands between Luzon and Mindanao: Bohol, Camiguin, Camotes, Cebu, Leyte, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Romblon, Samar, Sibuyan, Tablas, Ticao, etc.; Mindanao (provinces are arranged alphabetically); Basilan; Sulu archipelago; and Palawan. Old records of collections f rom T ay abas province in Luzon were changed to Quezon to conform to the maps issued today. Both spellings of " M t Maqui l ing" and " M t Mak i l i ng " appear i n literature but the former was used here because i t is the official spelling for this mountain. The distribution records outside the Philippines are not i n any way complete. Only the countries mentioned i n the references reviewed were included. These countries are arranged alphabetically and fol low the Philippine localities and are enclosed in parentheses. A bibliography is included at the end of the catalogue. A l l of the references were consulted and reviewed except for a few that were marked w i t h an x. The abbreviations used for the various references follow the bibliography. While these sections could have been omitted, they were, included pr imari ly to aid workers i n Southeast Asia where l ibrary facilities are very inadequate, the Philippines serving as an example. Arrangement Abbreviations and Symbols b i o l . = biology desc. = description dist.=geographical distribution emend. = emendation fig.—figured or illustrated key=key to species morph.=morphology n. status = new status o.d. = original description quoted syn. = synonym & = male £ = female n. name=new name n. comb. = new combination