Comparison of measured and calculated CFO voltages for 115 kV and 230 kV substations

Abstract

This paper presents both experimental results and calculations of CFO voltages for 115 kV and 230 kV substations. Several different methods are used to calculate the CFO voltage. The accuracy of specific equations and a graphical method used for the evaluation of CFO voltages for HV substations are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion and analysis of equations used for the estimation of air clearances in HV substations based on CFO voltages.<>