Induksi Mutasi Secara In Vitro Anggrek Dendrobium gabriella Suryajaya Melalui Pemberian Kolkisin

Abstract

Dendrobium gabriella suryajaya is a plant that belongs to the Orchidaceae family, has a variety of types, shapes and colors of flowers with relatively long freshness. Mutation induction is part of plant breeding efforts made to obtain plants with better properties. Colchicine as an antimitotic agent is used in breeding to induce chromosome doubling, applied to explants that have actively dividing tissues. The research objective was to determine the optimal concentration of colchicine for the growth of Dendrobium sp orchids in vitro. The study was conducted at the CDAST Laboratory, University of Jember, during the study period from March 2022 – July 2022. The method used was immersion of 3 months old protocom like bodies (plb) explants in colchicine solution using 4 concentration levels: 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% with immersion duration of 24 hours. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using SEM analysis. The observed variables were explant life percentage, plantlet height, number of shoots, number of leaves, and number of roots. The results showed that chemical mutations using colchicine affected plantlet height, number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots of Dendrobium sp. Treatment of 0.02% gave the best average increase in plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots. Plantlet color variations occurred in the 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% treatments which produced yellowish green, albino and whitish green plantlet colors.