These People Come and Go Whenever They Please

Abstract

After fighting for their own Double Victory campaign (victory at home and victory abroad), Native American people, in the context of dual citizenship, demanded civil rights and a better standard of living. But they did not necessarily want to achieve these goals at the expense of their own histories, cultures, and persistence as Native American people representing sovereign nations. The initial conceptualization and introduction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs urban relocation program faltered as federal officials struggled to agree on program goals, and potential Native participants put their own communities’ economies and needs first.