Support for Heritage Tourism Development: The Case of Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, Indonesia

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.5220/0009185402290236

J. Wongso, D. Ilona, .. Zaitul, Bahrul Anif

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The result reveals that out of sixt variables being tested, only two latent independent variables have a positive relationship with support for tourism development: positive social cultural impact and positive environment impact. This study has two implications: theoritical and practical. Theoritically, this study contribute to the social exchagne theory in the sense that resident gains positive impact is likely willing to exchange with positive attitude toward suporting the tourism development in the context of Indonesia’s enviroment. Practically, this study can be used by govenement in how to gain the residents’ support of Sawahlunto by increasing the positive social cultural and environment impact from tourism deevelopment 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY One of an effective way to regenerate the commercialisation of destination is tourism development (Chen and Chen 2010). One of the theme for tourism development is heritage. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) add that heritage tourism is usually regards to the domains of cultural tourism and urban tourism. The word of heritage has been introduced and become a buzz in 1990 (Palmer, 1999). In the Urban context, heritage places are midst the crucial sectors of tourism (Jung and Han 2014). There are several organizations to promote the heritage site (Dieck et al., 2015). Two examples of that organization are the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and UNESCO which conserve monument and sites around the world. Urban heritage sites have been developing in many countries. It is as consequences of several factor affects on tourism outcome, such as material impact because of reduced season ability, expanded stays and expanded customer based (Chang et al., 1996; Patuelli et al., 2013). Jung and Han (Jung et al., 2014) state that there are several negative impacts due to urban heritage tourism development regarding to use of space. In fact, Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) documented that several factors affecting the attitude toward heritage tourism development: economic, social-cultural, and environments. Central and local government, in every country have been developing the tourism destination, including heritage tourism. However, they forget about heritage management and suitability and it is critical concerns from both party of practitioners and academics. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) argue that the residents’ support for tourism development is the success of heritage tourism. Besides, the succes of factors are also attractive heritage resources, uniqueness, successful tourism policy and maintainability. Research on residents’ support for tourism development has been done by previous researcher (Perdue et al., 1990; Sirakaya et al., 2002; Stylidis et al., 2014; Lee, 2013; Chen et al., 2010). Perdue et al. (Perdue et al., 1990) investigate the factors affecting the supporting for additional tourism development in 16 rural Colorado community and found that there are several significant factors, such as positive or negative impact on tourism. In addition, (Sirakaya et al., 2002) assess the determiWongso, J., Ilona, D., Zaitul, . and Anif, B. Support for Heritage Tourism Development: The Case of Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, Indonesia. DOI: 10.5220/0009185402290236 In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 229-236 ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3 Copyright c © 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved 229 nants of supporting for tourism development in Ghana and conclude that social-psychological factors influence the supporting for tourism development, such as tourism’s impact. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) investigate the interrelationship between economic dependence on tourism, community attachment, perceived negative tourism impact, perceived positive tourism impacts and support for tourism development in Taiwan. Lee (Lee, 2013) study the effect of community attachment, community involvement, perceived benefit, and perceived cost on support for sustainable tourism development, in southwest Taiwan and found that community involvement and community attachment have a significant effect on level of support for tourism development. Finally, (Stylidis et al., 2014) investigate the support for tourism development in northern Greece and found that the higher the economics, social-culture and environmental tourism impacts, the greater the support for tourism development. Previous studies on support for tourism development much more focus on general tourism development. Study on heritage tourism development has been examined, but emphasize on cultural heritage tourism development (Chen et al., 2010). There is a lack of study investigating the urban or historical value heritage tourism development. Besides, studies on effect of tourism impact on support for tourism development has been seen from economic, social cultural and environmental impact (Gursoy et al., 2002; Gursoy et al., 2004; Lindberg et al., 1997; Yoon et al., 2001; Ko et al., 2002; Sharma et al., 2009; Jurowski et al., 1997; Chen et al., 2010; Lee, 2013), but the result is inconclusive. Most of support for tourism development studies are underpinned by social exchange theory (Emerson, 1976). In addition, there is an effort of Indonesia’s government to develop a world heritage called “ Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto” or OCMHS, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. It is being nominated by UNESCO as one of world heritages which will be conducted a plenary session in June 2019. Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto is representative and outstanding example of a pioneering technological ensemble planned and built by European engineers in their colonies designed to extract strategic coal resources 1. Government of Sawahlunto, West Sumatra Province government and central of government of Indonesia have economic objective to develop this 1Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, a short guide: nomination for inscription on the world heritage list, available at office of cultural affair, historical remains and museum of Sawahlunto municipality. site to be world heritage: tourism purpose. However, there is no study investigating the residents’ support for this historical value and urban heritage tourism development. Therefore, this kind of study is compulsory to be conducted, otherwise the governments does not have knowledge of resident’s support for this heritage tourism development. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of the positive and negative of economic, social-cultural, and environment impact on residents’ support for heritage tourism development in Indonesia. The research framework is shown in Figure 2 below. This paper is significant for government of Indonesia, and Sawahlunto municipality to have a sustainability heritage tourism. This article can contribute to the literature of heritage tourism management. Due to uniqueness of Indonesia’s culture, social and law system, this study differ compared to previous studies which done in difference environment, such as study done by Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010). The remaining of this paper is organised as follow. Method and material are second part of this paper. The third session is about result and discussion. the final session is conclusion and recommendation. Thus, we test six hypotheses in this study as follow. H1: there is positive effect of positive economic impact on support for OCMHS development H2: there is negative effect of negative economic impact on support for OCMHS development H3: there is positive effect of positive social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H4: there is negative effect of negative social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H5: there is positive effect of positive environment impact on support for OCMHS development H6: there is negative effect of negative environment impact on support for OCMHS development","PeriodicalId":382428,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0009185402290236","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

This study aims to invetigate the effect of negative economic, social cultural, and environment impact on support for tourism development. Besides, this study also seek whether there is a significant effect of negative economic, social cultural, and environment impact on support for tourism development. Social exchange theory is applied to undertand these relationships. Seventy seven residents of Sawahlunto are participated in this study. This study apply SEM-PLS (Smart-PLS) to analys the data. measurement and structural model assessment is conducted before concluding whether there is a significant effect of latent independent variables on support for tourism development. The result reveals that out of sixt variables being tested, only two latent independent variables have a positive relationship with support for tourism development: positive social cultural impact and positive environment impact. This study has two implications: theoritical and practical. Theoritically, this study contribute to the social exchagne theory in the sense that resident gains positive impact is likely willing to exchange with positive attitude toward suporting the tourism development in the context of Indonesia’s enviroment. Practically, this study can be used by govenement in how to gain the residents’ support of Sawahlunto by increasing the positive social cultural and environment impact from tourism deevelopment 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY One of an effective way to regenerate the commercialisation of destination is tourism development (Chen and Chen 2010). One of the theme for tourism development is heritage. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) add that heritage tourism is usually regards to the domains of cultural tourism and urban tourism. The word of heritage has been introduced and become a buzz in 1990 (Palmer, 1999). In the Urban context, heritage places are midst the crucial sectors of tourism (Jung and Han 2014). There are several organizations to promote the heritage site (Dieck et al., 2015). Two examples of that organization are the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and UNESCO which conserve monument and sites around the world. Urban heritage sites have been developing in many countries. It is as consequences of several factor affects on tourism outcome, such as material impact because of reduced season ability, expanded stays and expanded customer based (Chang et al., 1996; Patuelli et al., 2013). Jung and Han (Jung et al., 2014) state that there are several negative impacts due to urban heritage tourism development regarding to use of space. In fact, Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) documented that several factors affecting the attitude toward heritage tourism development: economic, social-cultural, and environments. Central and local government, in every country have been developing the tourism destination, including heritage tourism. However, they forget about heritage management and suitability and it is critical concerns from both party of practitioners and academics. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) argue that the residents’ support for tourism development is the success of heritage tourism. Besides, the succes of factors are also attractive heritage resources, uniqueness, successful tourism policy and maintainability. Research on residents’ support for tourism development has been done by previous researcher (Perdue et al., 1990; Sirakaya et al., 2002; Stylidis et al., 2014; Lee, 2013; Chen et al., 2010). Perdue et al. (Perdue et al., 1990) investigate the factors affecting the supporting for additional tourism development in 16 rural Colorado community and found that there are several significant factors, such as positive or negative impact on tourism. In addition, (Sirakaya et al., 2002) assess the determiWongso, J., Ilona, D., Zaitul, . and Anif, B. Support for Heritage Tourism Development: The Case of Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, Indonesia. DOI: 10.5220/0009185402290236 In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 229-236 ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3 Copyright c © 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved 229 nants of supporting for tourism development in Ghana and conclude that social-psychological factors influence the supporting for tourism development, such as tourism’s impact. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) investigate the interrelationship between economic dependence on tourism, community attachment, perceived negative tourism impact, perceived positive tourism impacts and support for tourism development in Taiwan. Lee (Lee, 2013) study the effect of community attachment, community involvement, perceived benefit, and perceived cost on support for sustainable tourism development, in southwest Taiwan and found that community involvement and community attachment have a significant effect on level of support for tourism development. Finally, (Stylidis et al., 2014) investigate the support for tourism development in northern Greece and found that the higher the economics, social-culture and environmental tourism impacts, the greater the support for tourism development. Previous studies on support for tourism development much more focus on general tourism development. Study on heritage tourism development has been examined, but emphasize on cultural heritage tourism development (Chen et al., 2010). There is a lack of study investigating the urban or historical value heritage tourism development. Besides, studies on effect of tourism impact on support for tourism development has been seen from economic, social cultural and environmental impact (Gursoy et al., 2002; Gursoy et al., 2004; Lindberg et al., 1997; Yoon et al., 2001; Ko et al., 2002; Sharma et al., 2009; Jurowski et al., 1997; Chen et al., 2010; Lee, 2013), but the result is inconclusive. Most of support for tourism development studies are underpinned by social exchange theory (Emerson, 1976). In addition, there is an effort of Indonesia’s government to develop a world heritage called “ Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto” or OCMHS, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. It is being nominated by UNESCO as one of world heritages which will be conducted a plenary session in June 2019. Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto is representative and outstanding example of a pioneering technological ensemble planned and built by European engineers in their colonies designed to extract strategic coal resources 1. Government of Sawahlunto, West Sumatra Province government and central of government of Indonesia have economic objective to develop this 1Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, a short guide: nomination for inscription on the world heritage list, available at office of cultural affair, historical remains and museum of Sawahlunto municipality. site to be world heritage: tourism purpose. However, there is no study investigating the residents’ support for this historical value and urban heritage tourism development. Therefore, this kind of study is compulsory to be conducted, otherwise the governments does not have knowledge of resident’s support for this heritage tourism development. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of the positive and negative of economic, social-cultural, and environment impact on residents’ support for heritage tourism development in Indonesia. The research framework is shown in Figure 2 below. This paper is significant for government of Indonesia, and Sawahlunto municipality to have a sustainability heritage tourism. This article can contribute to the literature of heritage tourism management. Due to uniqueness of Indonesia’s culture, social and law system, this study differ compared to previous studies which done in difference environment, such as study done by Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010). The remaining of this paper is organised as follow. Method and material are second part of this paper. The third session is about result and discussion. the final session is conclusion and recommendation. Thus, we test six hypotheses in this study as follow. H1: there is positive effect of positive economic impact on support for OCMHS development H2: there is negative effect of negative economic impact on support for OCMHS development H3: there is positive effect of positive social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H4: there is negative effect of negative social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H5: there is positive effect of positive environment impact on support for OCMHS development H6: there is negative effect of negative environment impact on support for OCMHS development

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对遗产旅游发展的支持:以印度尼西亚Sawahlunto的Ombilin煤矿遗产为例

本研究旨在探讨负面的经济、社会文化和环境影响对旅游发展支持的影响。此外，本研究也寻求负面的经济、社会文化和环境影响对旅游发展的支持是否有显著的影响。社会交换理论被用来理解这些关系。77名Sawahlunto居民参与了这项研究。本研究采用SEM-PLS (Smart-PLS)对数据进行分析。通过测量和结构模型评估，得出潜在自变量对旅游发展支持度的影响是否显著。结果表明，在被测试的六个变量中，只有两个潜在自变量与旅游发展支持呈正相关:积极的社会文化影响和积极的环境影响。本研究具有理论意义和实践意义。从理论上讲，本研究有助于社会交换理论，在印度尼西亚的环境背景下，居民获得积极影响可能愿意以积极的态度交换支持旅游发展。实际上，这项研究可以被政府用来研究如何通过增加旅游开发对社会文化和环境的积极影响来获得居民对Sawahlunto的支持。研究背景旅游开发是再生目的地商业化的有效途径之一(Chen and Chen 2010)。旅游发展的主题之一是遗产。Chen和Chen (Chen et al.， 2010)补充说，遗产旅游通常被认为是文化旅游和城市旅游的领域。遗产一词在1990年被引入并成为一种嗡嗡声(Palmer, 1999)。在城市背景下，遗产是旅游业的关键部门之一(Jung and Han 2014)。有几个组织在推广遗产遗址(Dieck et al.， 2015)。该组织的两个例子是国际古迹遗址理事会(古迹遗址理事会)和教科文组织，它们在世界各地保护古迹和遗址。许多国家都在发展城市遗产地。这是几个因素对旅游结果的影响的结果，例如由于季节能力减少，停留时间延长和客户基础扩大而产生的物质影响(Chang等人，1996;Patuelli et al.， 2013)。Jung和Han (Jung et al.， 2014)指出，由于城市遗产旅游开发对空间的利用，存在一些负面影响。事实上，Chen和Chen (Chen et al.， 2010)记录了影响遗产旅游发展态度的几个因素:经济、社会文化和环境。各国中央和地方政府都在大力发展旅游目的地，包括遗产旅游。然而，他们忘记了遗产的管理和适用性，这是从业者和学者双方都非常关注的问题。Chen和Chen (Chen et al.， 2010)认为居民对旅游发展的支持是遗产旅游的成功之处。此外，成功的因素还包括遗产资源的吸引力、独特性、成功的旅游政策和可维护性。居民对旅游发展支持度的研究已有前人的研究(Perdue et al.， 1990;Sirakaya et al.， 2002;Stylidis et al.， 2014;李,2013;陈等人，2010)。Perdue et al. (Perdue et al.， 1990)调查了科罗拉多州16个乡村社区对额外旅游发展支持的影响因素，发现有几个显著因素，如对旅游业的积极或消极影响。此外，(Sirakaya et al.， 2002)评估了wongso, J.， Ilona, D.， Zaitul，。支持遗产旅游发展:以印度尼西亚萨瓦伦托的Ombilin煤矿遗产为例。DOI: 10.5220/0009185402290236第二届国际科学，工程与技术会议录(ICoSET 2019)， 229-236页ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3版权所有c©2020 by sciitepress - Science and Technology Publications, Lda。229对加纳旅游业发展支持的研究，并得出社会心理因素影响旅游业发展支持的结论，如旅游业的影响。Chen和Chen (Chen et al.， 2010)研究台湾旅游经济依赖、社区依恋、感知旅游负面影响、感知旅游正面影响与旅游发展支持之间的相互关系。Lee (Lee, 2013)在台湾西南地区研究了社区依恋、社区参与、感知利益和感知成本对旅游可持续发展支持度的影响，发现社区参与和社区依恋对旅游发展支持度有显著影响。最后，(Stylidis等)。

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