METHODS OF TERMINOLOGICAL COMPOSITION EXTENSION IN LANGUAGES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES IN THE GERMAN CHRISITIAN THEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Linguistics has different methods and ways of expanding vocabulary in a language, including morphological, syntactic and semantic approaches, as well as borrowing. The same methods are applied to languages for special purposes and related terminology. With regard to borrowing, the peculiarity of the linguistic situation of the Germans during the period of active borrowing of foreignlanguage lexical units is largely due to the establishment and spread of Christianity in Europe, a religion that, in its linguistic tradition, relied primarily on Latin and Greek. “Religious interferences are related to the influence of religion on language. The writing and the main layer of borrowed vocabulary in each language were subordinate to the respective religion and associated sacred language, that is, the Holy Scripture and worship services, for some historical period. Sometimes the adoption of one or another religion was of great progressive importance, because along with religion, one or another nation borrowed writing that was conducive to the development of education and, indeed, of the entire national culture” 1 . This fact led to the emergence of a special culture of bilingualism, which consisted in the fact that, on the one hand, there was a language of religion and literary writing (in the German-speaking Latin environment), and on the other, a vernacular that was used in everyday life and partly in writing.