Re-entry vehicle friction heat estimated by means of Boltzmann integral-differential equation of fluctuation-dissipation theory

Abstract

We begin with Atmosphere Einstein Brownian motions toward Knudsen Gas Boltzmann Kinetic formulism of the fluctuation-dissipation theory and applied the formulism to space travelers reentry vehicles. Early experimental results are estimated on the worst situation upper bound when a reentry vehicle is frictionally passing through a dense atmosphere. In reality, the vehicle has spent more time in a dilute atmosphere space. Accordingly, the fluctuation and dissipation theorem, derived from the Boltzmann kinetic equation, predicted a much less friction heat than the final reentry stage.