Cardiopatías congénitas, tratamiento quirúrgico y sus complicaciones en población pediátrica del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2017- Agosto 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The heart is the most commonly affected organ by congenital diseases, with and incidence of 0.8 per 100 newborns. Nearly two thirds of all the surgical procedures are now a days performed before the first year of life, improving survival rate and life quality. This study aims to determine the frequency of the surgical interventions performed to treat congenital heart diseases and its complications. METHODS: An observational, descriptive cross sectional study was carried out; with 70 pediatric patients diagnosed and surgically treated for congenital heart diseases. The data was collected from the patient’s medical records using a form. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15 software. RESULTS: The median age was 1.1 years, 60% of the sample were women. 90% of the heart diseases were non-cyanogenic. The most frequent diagnosis was: persistence of the arterial duct (58.57%), followed by interventricular communication (12.86%). The type of procedures corresponds to the heart disease, thus 58.57% were performed for closure of arterial duct persistence and 12.86% were surgical repairs for closure of interventricular communication. The median stay in the intensive care unit was 4 days and the median stay in general hospitalization room was 5 days. The main complications in this pediatric population undergoing a surgical procedure were: pneumonia (11.4%) and sepsis of unspecified origin (8.6%). CONCLUSION: Treatment for heart diseases were performed at early ages (average age= 2.5±3.2). More than half of the surgical procedures for congenital heart disease were performed to correct the persistence of the ductus arteriosus, the main complication was pneumonia.