FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS IN NON-SPECIFIC PNEUMONIA OF PIGS

Abstract

The incidence and economic damage from swine respiratory diseases remains relevant, despite the large number of antimicrobial drugs and preventive measures. Economic damage is summed up from the morbidity of animals, carrying out medical and preventive measures, as well as from the culling of sick animals, reducing weight gain due to the development of hypoxia, culling of internal organs during slaughter. The incidence of non-specific bronchopneumonia in pigs can reach 80%. The aim of the research is to study the features of the development of the pathological process in the lungs and other internal organs in pigs of different ages with non-specific bronchopneumonia. The object of the study was piglets of different ages of the pig farm. As a result of research, it was found that in most piglets with bronchopneumonia, pathoanatomic examination revealed signs of catarrhal inflammation of the bronchi and lungs, in isolated cases -fibrinous pleuropneumonia, and signs of inflammation in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart and kidneys. During histological examination, inflammatory hyperemia and accumulation of a large number of macrophages were observed in the lungs around the bronchi. Inflammatory hyperemia and hemorrhages in the alveoli, narrowing of the alveolar lumen and expansion of the interalveolar septa were established. Histological studies of preparations from other organs (bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart and kidneys) showed abundant infiltration by macrophages, as well as tissue dystrophy. We believe that the identified non-specific signs of bronchopneumonia, such as fibrinous pleuropneumonia, as well as lesions in internal organs, are associated with defects in the humoral mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity. These defects can contribute to the emergence and maintenance of the inflammatory process in the lungs of pigs for a long time, contribute to the complication of secondary microorganisms, and also contribute to the generalization of the process by lymphogenic and hematogenic pathways.